NUR 414 Cardio Exam Questions with Correct Answers

NUR 414 Cardio Exam Questions with Correct Answers A patent ductus arteriosus allows blood to flow in which direction? - Answer-From the pulmonary artery to the aorta, bypassing the fetal lungs What three structures should close within the first few days of life - Answer-1. ductus arteriosus 2. ductus venosus 3. foramen ovale Which side of the heart has greater pressure? - Answer-Left side right side Is resistance less in the pulmonary circulation or systemic circulation? - AnswerResistance is less in the pulmonary circulation If the first child is born with a congenital heart defect, what's the chance of having another child with a heart defect? - Answer-3% risk of recurrence -- "97% chance of having a healthy baby" What are common causes of congenital heart defects/congenital heart disease? - Answer-1. Maternal drug use -- fetal alcohol syndrome -- 50% risk 2. Rubella in first 7 weeks of pg -- 50% risk (PDA, pulmonary branch stenosis) 3. CMV, toxoplasmosis, viral. illnesses S&S of congenital heart disease - Answer-*Cardiac dysfunction -- hypoxia -- interference with Maslow's hierarchy of needs (poor feeding, poor development, poor growth) - poor feeding (not enough energy) - tachypnea / tachycardia / diaphoretic - FTT - poor weight gain - activity intolerance - developmental delay What screening tool is used in hospitals to detect CHD in newborns? - Answer-Pulse ox What might cause a heart murmur to be heard in a child with a previously normal heartbeat? - Answer-1. anemia 2. fever 3. rapid growth Complications of cardiac cath - Answer-- bleeding - perforation - arrhythmia - loss of pulse - death Post cardiac cath recovery - Answer--extubation -keep affected extremity straight -flat in bed x3-6 hrs -clear liquids, then advance as tolerated -watch for signs of bleeding, loss of pulse How are congenital heart diseases/defects classified? - Answer-BY HEMODYNAMICS - increased pulmonary blood flow (CHF) - decreased pulmonary blood flow (cyanosis) - obstruction of blood flow out of the heart (obstructed left heart = CHF; obstructed right heart = cyanosis) - mixed blood flow (hypoxemia w/ or w/o cyanosis, CHF) Patho behind INCREASED pulmonary blood flow - Answer-There is an abnormal connection between the left side and the right side of the heart, via the septum or great vessels. This leads to increased blood volume on the RIGHT side of the heart, backing up blood into the pulmonary circulation and decreasing systemic blood flow. What four defects are associated with INCREASED pulmonary blood flow? - Answer-1. patent ductus arteriosus 2. atrial septal defect 3. ventricular septal defect 4. AV canal *anything that will shunt blood to the lungs or from the left side to the right side of the heart What does a patent ductus arteriosus look like anatomically? - Answer--Mixing of blood between pulmonary artery and aorta