NUR 414 GI Exam Questions with All Correct Answers

NUR 414 GI Exam Questions with All Correct Answers Swallowing, swallowing, and tongue thrusting is reflexive until - Answer-3 months old *high aspiration and choking risk during this time In relation to feeding, what should a child be able to do by 6 months old? - Answer-1. swallow 2. hold food in their mouth 3. spit food out at will How does the GI system differ and evolve in pediatrics? - Answer-1. Stomach is round until age 2, then elongates until age 7 2. stomach capacity increases rapidly with age 3. Infant stomach emptying time is faster Clinical manifestations of GI dysfunction in children - Answer-1. FTT 2. Nausea/spitting up/vomiting 3. Diarrhea/constipation/encopresis 4. Abdominal distension/pain 5. Change in bowel sounds 6. GI bleeding/hematemesis 7. Hematochezia/melena 8. Jaundice 9. Dysphagia/dysfunctional swallowing 10. Fever Important nursing assessments for GI issues - Answer-1. I&O 2. Height and weight trends 3. Abdominal exam 4. Urine and stool tests What causes diarrhea? - Answer-Abnormal intestinal water and electrolyte transport What pediatric alteration makes diarrhea more common in children? - Answer-Intestinal mucosa of young children are more permeable to water What differentiates vomiting from spitting up? - Answer-Vomiting is typically accompanied by nausea and retching What is the most common cause of profuse vomiting? - Answer-Acute gastroenteritis What are 4 things a nurse will need to assess when a child has vomiting? - Answer-1. Timing (ex: early morning, every morning; following a meal; every morning before school on weekdays, but not on weekends) 2. Color/consistency (ex: yellow bile, undigested food, normal spit-up appearance) 3. Associated symptoms (ex: migraine, diarrhea) 4. Pain (ex: pain in RUQ/RLQ of abdomen) What is the leading cause of gastroenteritis in infants? - Answer-Rotavirus What symptoms typically accompany GE? - Answer-Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea x 24-48 hours What is the biggest complication/concern for children with GE? - Answer-Dehydration *Kids are more prone to dehydration r/t small stomach capacity, increased intestinal loss of water, and shorter GI system *Monitor I&Os *Fluids and electrolytes are needed to prevent hypovolemic shock How much urine should you expect every hour from a 30 kg child with GE? - Answer30-60 ml/hr (1-2 ml/kg/hr) What should you teach the family when discharging a child with GE? - Answer-1. Feed through the diarrhea 2. Give small amounts of food in intervals, as tolerated 3. Use pedialyte (not gatorade) to rehydrate 4. S&S of dehydration and when to see the doctor 5. Avoid carbonated and high-sugar drinks 6. Avoid red foods (ex: jello and popsicles) because it can turn stool red which may alarm parents 7. Use alcohol free baby wipes, barrier cream, and frequent diaper changes to prevent skin breakdown 8. Avoid anti-diarrheals What criteria must be met to diagnose constipation? - Answer-Decreased frequency of bowel movements or increased stool hardness for at least 2 weeks