Stott Pilates Preparation Exam
Questions & Answers
Superior - ANSWER-Toward the head (cranial)
Inferior - ANSWER-Toward the feet (caudal)
Anterior - ANSWER-Toward the front of the body (ventral)
Posterior - ANSWER-Toward the back of the body
Medial - ANSWER-Toward the midline of the body
Lateral - ANSWER-Away from the midline of the body
Proximal - ANSWER-(Central) where the appendages joins the body e.g. The forearm is
proximal to the hand
Distal - ANSWER-(Peripheral) the point furthest from closer to the centre of the body
Superficial - ANSWER-(External) near the outer surface
Deep - ANSWER-(Internal) near the inner surface
Intermediate - ANSWER-Between 2 other structures
Visceral - ANSWER-Associated with the organs within the body's cavity (inner side)
Parietal - ANSWER-Pertaining to the wall of a body cavity (outside)
Prone - ANSWER-Lying on the stomach, face down
Supine - ANSWER-Lying on the back, face up
Side- lying - ANSWER-Lying on one side
Dorsal - ANSWER-Top surface of the foot, or the back of the body
Plantar - ANSWER-The sole of the foot
Palmar - ANSWER-The palm of the hand
Unilateral - ANSWER-Using only one side of the body, limb or muscle
, Bilateral - ANSWER-Using both sides of the body, both limbs or both sides of the
muscles eg. Both arms or both legs together
Ipsilateral - ANSWER-On the same side as another structure eg. Leg arm on same side
Reciprocal - ANSWER-Inversely related or opposite movement eg. Single leg stretch,
scissors, Swimming
Contralateral - ANSWER-Movement of muscular contraction coordinated with the
opposite side eg. Left leg and right arm - obliques, rotation
Flexion - ANSWER-Decreasing the angle between 2 body parts
Extension - ANSWER-Increasing the angle between 2 body parts
Hyperextension - ANSWER-Beyond normal extension
lateral flexion - ANSWER-Sideways bending of the head, neck or trunk
Rotation - ANSWER-Rotation if the spine around a central axis
Dorsiflexion - ANSWER-Movement of the dorsal surface of the foot towards the leg,
decreasing the angle of the joint
Plantar flexion - ANSWER-Movement of the plantar surface of the foot away from the
leg, increasing the angle of the foot
Abduction - ANSWER-Movement of the body part away from the midline of the body
Adduction - ANSWER-Movement of a body part toward the midline of the body
Supination - ANSWER-The radius(thumb) and ulna(little finger) lie parallel to one
another, palms face forward
Pronation - ANSWER-The radius crosses over the ulna, turning palm face back
Inversion - ANSWER-The medial border of foot lifts and sole foot face in towards
midline. Known as supination as well
Eversion - ANSWER-The lateral aspect of the foot lifts and sole of the foot face away
from midline. Known as pronation as well
Horizontal flexion or adduction - ANSWER-From a 90 degree abducted arm position,
the arm moves in towards midline of the body
Questions & Answers
Superior - ANSWER-Toward the head (cranial)
Inferior - ANSWER-Toward the feet (caudal)
Anterior - ANSWER-Toward the front of the body (ventral)
Posterior - ANSWER-Toward the back of the body
Medial - ANSWER-Toward the midline of the body
Lateral - ANSWER-Away from the midline of the body
Proximal - ANSWER-(Central) where the appendages joins the body e.g. The forearm is
proximal to the hand
Distal - ANSWER-(Peripheral) the point furthest from closer to the centre of the body
Superficial - ANSWER-(External) near the outer surface
Deep - ANSWER-(Internal) near the inner surface
Intermediate - ANSWER-Between 2 other structures
Visceral - ANSWER-Associated with the organs within the body's cavity (inner side)
Parietal - ANSWER-Pertaining to the wall of a body cavity (outside)
Prone - ANSWER-Lying on the stomach, face down
Supine - ANSWER-Lying on the back, face up
Side- lying - ANSWER-Lying on one side
Dorsal - ANSWER-Top surface of the foot, or the back of the body
Plantar - ANSWER-The sole of the foot
Palmar - ANSWER-The palm of the hand
Unilateral - ANSWER-Using only one side of the body, limb or muscle
, Bilateral - ANSWER-Using both sides of the body, both limbs or both sides of the
muscles eg. Both arms or both legs together
Ipsilateral - ANSWER-On the same side as another structure eg. Leg arm on same side
Reciprocal - ANSWER-Inversely related or opposite movement eg. Single leg stretch,
scissors, Swimming
Contralateral - ANSWER-Movement of muscular contraction coordinated with the
opposite side eg. Left leg and right arm - obliques, rotation
Flexion - ANSWER-Decreasing the angle between 2 body parts
Extension - ANSWER-Increasing the angle between 2 body parts
Hyperextension - ANSWER-Beyond normal extension
lateral flexion - ANSWER-Sideways bending of the head, neck or trunk
Rotation - ANSWER-Rotation if the spine around a central axis
Dorsiflexion - ANSWER-Movement of the dorsal surface of the foot towards the leg,
decreasing the angle of the joint
Plantar flexion - ANSWER-Movement of the plantar surface of the foot away from the
leg, increasing the angle of the foot
Abduction - ANSWER-Movement of the body part away from the midline of the body
Adduction - ANSWER-Movement of a body part toward the midline of the body
Supination - ANSWER-The radius(thumb) and ulna(little finger) lie parallel to one
another, palms face forward
Pronation - ANSWER-The radius crosses over the ulna, turning palm face back
Inversion - ANSWER-The medial border of foot lifts and sole foot face in towards
midline. Known as supination as well
Eversion - ANSWER-The lateral aspect of the foot lifts and sole of the foot face away
from midline. Known as pronation as well
Horizontal flexion or adduction - ANSWER-From a 90 degree abducted arm position,
the arm moves in towards midline of the body
