NCLEX: Mark Klimek - Lecture 5 (DM, DI, &
Insulin)
What is diabetes mellitus? - ANSAn error in glucose metabolism.
What are the 2 types of diabetes mellitus? - ANSType I (Lack of insulin, develops in children)
Type II (insulin resistance, develops in adults)
What is diabetes insipidus? - ANSLack of ADH, which is a hormone that helps your kidneys
manage the amount of water in your body = Dehydration
What are symptoms you see in diabetes mellitus AND diabetes insipidus? - ANSPolyuria and
polydipsia
Is there a high or low urine output in diabetes mellitus? - ANSHigh urine output
Is there a high or low urine output in diabetes insipidus? - ANSHigh urine output
What is the opposite of diabetes insipidus? - ANSSyndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic
Hormone (SIADH)
What are symptoms in SIADH? - ANS- Oliguria and no thirst
- Decreased urine output
- Retention of water (decreased SERUM specific gravity)
- Decreased urine volume (increased URINE specific gravity)
What is the nursing diagnosis for SIADH? - ANSFluid volume excess
What is the nursing diagnosis for DM and DI? - ANSFluid volume deficit
What are other names for Type 1 DM? - ANSInsulin dependent
Ketosis prone
What are other names for Type 2 DM? - ANSNon-insulin dependent
Non-ketosis prone
What are the main s/s of diabetes mellitus? - ANSPolyuria (Pee a lot)
Polydipsia (Thirsty)
Polyphagia (Eat/swallow a lot)
, What is the treatment for Type 1 diabetes mellitus? - ANS"If you don't treat Type 1, they will
DIE."
(D)iet (calories from carbs, least important)
(I)nsulin (most important)
(E)xercise
What is the treatment for Type 2 diabetes mellitus? - ANS"If you don't treat Type 2, they are
DOA."
(D)iet (Most important)
(O)ral hypoglycemic
(A)ctivity
What is the diet for Type 2 diabetes mellitus? - ANSCalorie restriction
1200 kcal, 1400 kcal, 1600 kcal
6 small feedings per day (keeps blood sugar more stable)
What is the best dietary action a DM2 should take?
a. Restrict calories
b. Divide meal into 6 feedings a day - ANSa. Restrict calories
What does insulin do? - ANSlowers blood glucose levels
What are the 4 types of insulin? - ANSLispro (Humalog): Rapid-acting
R-Regular insulin: Intermediate-acting
N-NPH: Intermediate-acting
Glargine (Lantus): Long-acting
What type of drug is Lispro? What is the onset, peak, and duration? - ANSRapid-acting, give
WITH meal not before (AC)
Onset: 15 min
Peak: 30 min
Duration: 3 hrs
Pattern: 15-30-3
What type of drug is regular insulin? What is the onset, peak, and duration? -
ANSIntermediate-acting, CLEAR, IV drip
Onset: 1 hr
Peak: 2 hrs
Duration: 4 hrs
Insulin)
What is diabetes mellitus? - ANSAn error in glucose metabolism.
What are the 2 types of diabetes mellitus? - ANSType I (Lack of insulin, develops in children)
Type II (insulin resistance, develops in adults)
What is diabetes insipidus? - ANSLack of ADH, which is a hormone that helps your kidneys
manage the amount of water in your body = Dehydration
What are symptoms you see in diabetes mellitus AND diabetes insipidus? - ANSPolyuria and
polydipsia
Is there a high or low urine output in diabetes mellitus? - ANSHigh urine output
Is there a high or low urine output in diabetes insipidus? - ANSHigh urine output
What is the opposite of diabetes insipidus? - ANSSyndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic
Hormone (SIADH)
What are symptoms in SIADH? - ANS- Oliguria and no thirst
- Decreased urine output
- Retention of water (decreased SERUM specific gravity)
- Decreased urine volume (increased URINE specific gravity)
What is the nursing diagnosis for SIADH? - ANSFluid volume excess
What is the nursing diagnosis for DM and DI? - ANSFluid volume deficit
What are other names for Type 1 DM? - ANSInsulin dependent
Ketosis prone
What are other names for Type 2 DM? - ANSNon-insulin dependent
Non-ketosis prone
What are the main s/s of diabetes mellitus? - ANSPolyuria (Pee a lot)
Polydipsia (Thirsty)
Polyphagia (Eat/swallow a lot)
, What is the treatment for Type 1 diabetes mellitus? - ANS"If you don't treat Type 1, they will
DIE."
(D)iet (calories from carbs, least important)
(I)nsulin (most important)
(E)xercise
What is the treatment for Type 2 diabetes mellitus? - ANS"If you don't treat Type 2, they are
DOA."
(D)iet (Most important)
(O)ral hypoglycemic
(A)ctivity
What is the diet for Type 2 diabetes mellitus? - ANSCalorie restriction
1200 kcal, 1400 kcal, 1600 kcal
6 small feedings per day (keeps blood sugar more stable)
What is the best dietary action a DM2 should take?
a. Restrict calories
b. Divide meal into 6 feedings a day - ANSa. Restrict calories
What does insulin do? - ANSlowers blood glucose levels
What are the 4 types of insulin? - ANSLispro (Humalog): Rapid-acting
R-Regular insulin: Intermediate-acting
N-NPH: Intermediate-acting
Glargine (Lantus): Long-acting
What type of drug is Lispro? What is the onset, peak, and duration? - ANSRapid-acting, give
WITH meal not before (AC)
Onset: 15 min
Peak: 30 min
Duration: 3 hrs
Pattern: 15-30-3
What type of drug is regular insulin? What is the onset, peak, and duration? -
ANSIntermediate-acting, CLEAR, IV drip
Onset: 1 hr
Peak: 2 hrs
Duration: 4 hrs
