Mark Klimek NCLEX Review Questions
Primary dietary prescription for calcium nephrolithiasis (kidney stones) ? PG. 85 - ANSLow
calcium diet
For client with nephrolithiasis the diet should be ___ ash - ANSAcid
If kidney stone is calcium phosphate the diet must be low in ___ too - ANSPhosphorus
Primary diet tx for uric acid nephrolithiasis is __ ____ - ANSLow purine
Client with uric acid nephrolithiasis should have a diet low in ____ - ANSMethionine
What is methionine? - ANSPrecursor of the amino acid cystine
2 foods high in methionine? - ANSEggs, milk
Clients with cystine nephrolithiasis should have an ____ ash diet - ANSAlkaline
Inc. fluids over 3000 cc /day is more effective in treating renal calculi than ANY dietary
modification, T/F? - ANSTrue. Want to flush tract than worry about diet
What is the common name for Laryngotracheobronchitis - LTB - ANSCroup
What is the typical temp elevation in croup? - ANSLow grade, usually below 102, but can go up
to 104.
Are ATBs helpful for croup? For epiglottits? - ANSFor croup, no. Epiglottitis, yes
Is croup viral or bacterial? - ANSViral
With which condition is croup most often confused? - ANSEpiglottitis
Can croup be managed at home? Can epiglottitis be managed at home? - ANSYes. No,
epiglottitis is a 911 emergency
Are sedatives used for kids with croup? - ANSNo, bc this would mask the signs of respiratory
distress
What causes epiglottitis? A virus or bacteria? - ANSH. influenza BACTERIA
What is the best tx for croup? - ANSCool moist air
,What should never be done to a child with epiglottitis? - ANSNever put anything in the child's
mouth, ie, a tongue blade can lead to obstruction
What are the typical signs and symptoms of croup? - ANSBarking cough, inspiratory stridor,
labored resp. pattern
What 3 signs tell you that the child has epiglottitis instead of croup? - ANSMuffled voice,
drooling, increased fever
When is croup bad enough to be evaluated by a doc? - ANSWhen retractions, and high pitched
stridor are present
What lead level needs intervention? - ANS50-60 micrograms/ dl
With which class of drugs will a child with lead poisoning be treated? - ANSChelating agents
What do chelating drugs do? - ANSThey increase the excretion of heavy metals
The most freq. cause of lead poisoning is... - ANSIngestion of lead-based paint chips
Name 3 common chelating agents for lead poisoning - ANSEDTA, desferal, BAL in oil
S&S of lead poisoning - ANSDrowsiness, clumsiness, ataxia, seizures, coma, resp. arrest
Sx of lead poisoning show up in the ____ system - ANSNeuro
Leukemia is cancer of the ___ forming tissues - ANSBlood
The type of cell that is most common and problematic in leukemia is ____ - ANSImmature WBC
In leukemia the RBC count is ... - ANSLow, bc the bone marrow is going "wild" producing all
those immature WBC - no energy or nutrients to make platelets
In leukemia, the platelet count is ... - ANSLow, bc the bone marrow is going "wild" producing all
those immature WBC - no energy or nutrients to make platelets
Bc the RBCs are low, the pt will exhibit ___ and ___ - ANSPallor and fatigue
Bc of the immature WBCs, the pt is at risk for ___ - ANSInfection
Bc of low platelets, the pt is at risk for ___, ___, and ___ - ANSBruising, ecchymosis, bleeding,
petechiae
,What causes lymph gland enlargement in leukemia? - ANSAll those small immature WBC clog
the lymph system
Should you take a rectal temp on a child with leukemia? - ANSNo
Should you take an oral temp on a child with leukemia? - ANSYes, as long as they are over 4
years old, in remission, and have no sores in their mouth
Should the child with active leukemia use straws, forks, cups? - ANSNO straws, NO forks, YES
cups
RN's priority in tx a child with newly diagnosed leukemia is... - ANSDec. risk of infection
When the leukemia child's platelets and WBC's are low, his activities should be ... - ANSLimited
When the platelet and WBCs are low the nurse should not insert a.. - ANSSuppository
Are IM injections and IV sticks permitted on a child with leukemia? - ANSWhen labs are low IMs
avoided and IVs limited; only done when absolutely necessary (to give chemo or measure blood
counts)
Why are kids on chemo also on allopurinol - ANSTo prevent uric acid kidney stones (remember
when chemo kills cancer cells, purines and uric acid build up and could cause kidney stones
Why do some kids with leukemia have joint pain? - ANSThe immature WBCs infiltrate the joint
and cause inflammation
Why is a child with leukemia at risk for neuro sx due to ICP - ANSThe immature WBCs infiltrate
the brain and cause inflammation
What is alopecia? - ANSHair loss
If the platelet count is low what drug should the child not take? - ANSAspirin
Is the alopecia from chemo permanent? - ANSNo. It will grow back. (Alopecia of radiation
therapy is permanent bc the follicle is destroyed)
What does ANC mean? - ANSAbsolute Neutrophil Count
What is the ANC used for in leukemia? - ANSIf ANC <500, then pt will be on protective isolation
Which is used more commonly to decide if the pt should be on isolation: WBC or ANC -
ANSANC is more reliable and valid
, By the end of the 1st 6 months of life an infants birthweight should ____ - ANSDouble
By the end of the first year of life an infants birthweight should ___ - ANSTriple
Ideal food for infants is ___ - ANSBreast milk
Breast milk contains substances that increase immunities T/F? - ANSTrue
Bottle-fed infants dont bond well with their moms T/F? - ANSFalse
The 1 nutrient that commercial formulas are typically low in is ___ - ANSFe
Breast milk does not contain iron T/F? - ANSFalse. However, it does not contain enough iron-
so they should be fed iron fortified cereal starting at 6 months
At what age should the infant be fed cows/goats milk? - ANSNot before 12 months
What is the major problem with feeding an infant skim milk? - ANSThey dont get enough
calories and dont grow. Dehydration from excessive solute load and inability to concentrate
urine
When should the infant be introduced to textured solid foods? - ANS4-6 months
What is the first food that an infant should be introduced to? - ANSIron fortified rice cereal
When forced to eat, the preschool child will... - ANSRebel
Parents of preschool children should be taught that as long as the child eats ___ good nutritious
meal per day, they should not make eating food an issue - ANSOne
Refusal to eat is common in preschoolers T/F? - ANSTrue, but still offer a variety
Youngsters develop food preferences by.. - ANSObserving significant ppl in their environ
School-age kids grow at a slower rate than infants, toddlers, or adolescents T/F? - ANSTrue
What dietary strategy is most appropriate for the industrious school-age child? -
ANSWholesome snacks, bc they are often too busy too eat
Girls in adolescence need more calories than adolescent boys T/F? - ANSFalse, boys need
more cals
Adolescents should take vitamin supplements T/F? PG. 90 - ANSTrue
Primary dietary prescription for calcium nephrolithiasis (kidney stones) ? PG. 85 - ANSLow
calcium diet
For client with nephrolithiasis the diet should be ___ ash - ANSAcid
If kidney stone is calcium phosphate the diet must be low in ___ too - ANSPhosphorus
Primary diet tx for uric acid nephrolithiasis is __ ____ - ANSLow purine
Client with uric acid nephrolithiasis should have a diet low in ____ - ANSMethionine
What is methionine? - ANSPrecursor of the amino acid cystine
2 foods high in methionine? - ANSEggs, milk
Clients with cystine nephrolithiasis should have an ____ ash diet - ANSAlkaline
Inc. fluids over 3000 cc /day is more effective in treating renal calculi than ANY dietary
modification, T/F? - ANSTrue. Want to flush tract than worry about diet
What is the common name for Laryngotracheobronchitis - LTB - ANSCroup
What is the typical temp elevation in croup? - ANSLow grade, usually below 102, but can go up
to 104.
Are ATBs helpful for croup? For epiglottits? - ANSFor croup, no. Epiglottitis, yes
Is croup viral or bacterial? - ANSViral
With which condition is croup most often confused? - ANSEpiglottitis
Can croup be managed at home? Can epiglottitis be managed at home? - ANSYes. No,
epiglottitis is a 911 emergency
Are sedatives used for kids with croup? - ANSNo, bc this would mask the signs of respiratory
distress
What causes epiglottitis? A virus or bacteria? - ANSH. influenza BACTERIA
What is the best tx for croup? - ANSCool moist air
,What should never be done to a child with epiglottitis? - ANSNever put anything in the child's
mouth, ie, a tongue blade can lead to obstruction
What are the typical signs and symptoms of croup? - ANSBarking cough, inspiratory stridor,
labored resp. pattern
What 3 signs tell you that the child has epiglottitis instead of croup? - ANSMuffled voice,
drooling, increased fever
When is croup bad enough to be evaluated by a doc? - ANSWhen retractions, and high pitched
stridor are present
What lead level needs intervention? - ANS50-60 micrograms/ dl
With which class of drugs will a child with lead poisoning be treated? - ANSChelating agents
What do chelating drugs do? - ANSThey increase the excretion of heavy metals
The most freq. cause of lead poisoning is... - ANSIngestion of lead-based paint chips
Name 3 common chelating agents for lead poisoning - ANSEDTA, desferal, BAL in oil
S&S of lead poisoning - ANSDrowsiness, clumsiness, ataxia, seizures, coma, resp. arrest
Sx of lead poisoning show up in the ____ system - ANSNeuro
Leukemia is cancer of the ___ forming tissues - ANSBlood
The type of cell that is most common and problematic in leukemia is ____ - ANSImmature WBC
In leukemia the RBC count is ... - ANSLow, bc the bone marrow is going "wild" producing all
those immature WBC - no energy or nutrients to make platelets
In leukemia, the platelet count is ... - ANSLow, bc the bone marrow is going "wild" producing all
those immature WBC - no energy or nutrients to make platelets
Bc the RBCs are low, the pt will exhibit ___ and ___ - ANSPallor and fatigue
Bc of the immature WBCs, the pt is at risk for ___ - ANSInfection
Bc of low platelets, the pt is at risk for ___, ___, and ___ - ANSBruising, ecchymosis, bleeding,
petechiae
,What causes lymph gland enlargement in leukemia? - ANSAll those small immature WBC clog
the lymph system
Should you take a rectal temp on a child with leukemia? - ANSNo
Should you take an oral temp on a child with leukemia? - ANSYes, as long as they are over 4
years old, in remission, and have no sores in their mouth
Should the child with active leukemia use straws, forks, cups? - ANSNO straws, NO forks, YES
cups
RN's priority in tx a child with newly diagnosed leukemia is... - ANSDec. risk of infection
When the leukemia child's platelets and WBC's are low, his activities should be ... - ANSLimited
When the platelet and WBCs are low the nurse should not insert a.. - ANSSuppository
Are IM injections and IV sticks permitted on a child with leukemia? - ANSWhen labs are low IMs
avoided and IVs limited; only done when absolutely necessary (to give chemo or measure blood
counts)
Why are kids on chemo also on allopurinol - ANSTo prevent uric acid kidney stones (remember
when chemo kills cancer cells, purines and uric acid build up and could cause kidney stones
Why do some kids with leukemia have joint pain? - ANSThe immature WBCs infiltrate the joint
and cause inflammation
Why is a child with leukemia at risk for neuro sx due to ICP - ANSThe immature WBCs infiltrate
the brain and cause inflammation
What is alopecia? - ANSHair loss
If the platelet count is low what drug should the child not take? - ANSAspirin
Is the alopecia from chemo permanent? - ANSNo. It will grow back. (Alopecia of radiation
therapy is permanent bc the follicle is destroyed)
What does ANC mean? - ANSAbsolute Neutrophil Count
What is the ANC used for in leukemia? - ANSIf ANC <500, then pt will be on protective isolation
Which is used more commonly to decide if the pt should be on isolation: WBC or ANC -
ANSANC is more reliable and valid
, By the end of the 1st 6 months of life an infants birthweight should ____ - ANSDouble
By the end of the first year of life an infants birthweight should ___ - ANSTriple
Ideal food for infants is ___ - ANSBreast milk
Breast milk contains substances that increase immunities T/F? - ANSTrue
Bottle-fed infants dont bond well with their moms T/F? - ANSFalse
The 1 nutrient that commercial formulas are typically low in is ___ - ANSFe
Breast milk does not contain iron T/F? - ANSFalse. However, it does not contain enough iron-
so they should be fed iron fortified cereal starting at 6 months
At what age should the infant be fed cows/goats milk? - ANSNot before 12 months
What is the major problem with feeding an infant skim milk? - ANSThey dont get enough
calories and dont grow. Dehydration from excessive solute load and inability to concentrate
urine
When should the infant be introduced to textured solid foods? - ANS4-6 months
What is the first food that an infant should be introduced to? - ANSIron fortified rice cereal
When forced to eat, the preschool child will... - ANSRebel
Parents of preschool children should be taught that as long as the child eats ___ good nutritious
meal per day, they should not make eating food an issue - ANSOne
Refusal to eat is common in preschoolers T/F? - ANSTrue, but still offer a variety
Youngsters develop food preferences by.. - ANSObserving significant ppl in their environ
School-age kids grow at a slower rate than infants, toddlers, or adolescents T/F? - ANSTrue
What dietary strategy is most appropriate for the industrious school-age child? -
ANSWholesome snacks, bc they are often too busy too eat
Girls in adolescence need more calories than adolescent boys T/F? - ANSFalse, boys need
more cals
Adolescents should take vitamin supplements T/F? PG. 90 - ANSTrue
