Pharmacology (UTA NURS 3365) Exam 2 Study Guide With Complete Solution

Epinephrine MOA - ANSWER stimulates alpha, beta1, and beta2 adrenergic receptors; causes pupil dilation, bronchodilation, increased HR, vasoconstriction, urinary retention Epinephrine Contraindications - ANSWER Galucoma, MAOI Epinephrine extravasation - ANSWER Phentolamine mesylate Prazosin: class, use, contraindication - ANSWER Alpha Blocker; hypertension; additive effect with beta blockers (causes hypotension) Doxazosin: class, use, contraindication - ANSWER Alpha Blocker; hypertension; additive effect with beta blockers (causes hypotension) Tamsulosin: class, use, contraindication - ANSWER Alpha-Blocker; BPH Prazosin, Doxazosin patient teaching - ANSWER Do not stop abruptly. Avoid OTC cold medications. Monitor for ankle edema. Rise slowly, in stages. Tamsulosin patient teaching - ANSWER Take in the evening. Monitor for ankle edema. Avoid OTC cold medication. Beta blockers - ANSWER End in -olol; used for angina, MI, hypertension, HF Beta Blockers MOA - ANSWER Block sympathetic influence on the heart (esp B1 selective), reducing CO and thus BP; adrenergic blocking = Pupil constriction, bronchoconstriction, decreased heart rate, vasodilation, decreased blood pressure, increase GI activity Beta-blockers cautions - ANSWER Must be used with diuretic in African Americans; can mask hypoglycemic symptoms (causing tachycardia)ACE inhibitors names / MOI / class - ANSWER END IN -PRIL; prevents ACE enzyme from converting Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II / antihypertensive ACE inhibitors contraindications - ANSWER PARK: pregnancy, allergy / angioedema, renal failure, hyperkalemia Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers names / MOI / class - ANSWER end in -sartan / blocks binding of angiotensin II receptor sites / anti-hypertensive Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers adverse effects - ANSWER *dry hacking cough* fatigue, dizziness, hypotension Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers contraindications - ANSWER PARK: pregnancy, angioedema / allergy; renal failure, hyperkalemia Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers nursing process - ANSWER assess potassium level; avoid grapefruit juice Calcium Channel Blockers additive effects - ANSWER Additive effects with beta blockers (avoid grapefruit juice) Calcium Channel Blockers uses - ANSWER angina, hypertension, SVT, headaches, a-fib Vasodilators; uses, names - ANSWER Hypertension; hydralazine, diazoxide, minoxidil Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors - ANSWER Acetazolamide; treat glaucoma, edema. Contrainidicated in hypokalemia. Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors Interactions - ANSWER Digoxin / corticosteroids Loop diuretics (hate everyone, waste all electrolytes): names and MOI - ANSWER Furosemide, torsemide, bumetanide: prevent re-absorption of sodium and water in loop of Henle Loop diuretics uses - ANSWER Edema, renal / hepatic disease, hypertension