Paramedic test questions and answers 2023

Paramedic test questions and answers 2023 Miosis Excessive muscle twitching What does RICE mean Rest , ice , compression , elevation SLUDGEM Salivation , urination , defecation , Gi distress , emesis , miosis What part of initial assessment would you perform a needle decompression Breathing The most reliable indicator of early decompensated shock is Level of consciousness A paramedic who intubates the esophagus instead of the trachea and leaves it in has breached his duty by Misfeasance Identifying the mechanism of injury is done in what part of the primary survey Scene size up What orthostatic changes occur when going from supine to sitting position Bp decreases 10-20mmHg Hr increases 10-20Bpm OPQRST Onset , Provokes , Quality , Radiates , Severity , Time The act of injuring a persons character by spoken word Slander A sudden shortness of breath that occurs at night and sometimes wakes a person from sleep Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea How the focused history and physical exam are performed is based on the initial assessment and The patient's chief complaint The rules that govern the conduct of a particular group or profession Ethics The history for a responsive patient should include Chief complaint , history of present illness , past medical history and current health status Consent for treatment that is presumed for a patient who is mentally , physically or emotionally unable to grant consent is called Implied consent Drug legislation passed in 1906 to protect the public from adulterated or mislabeled drugs Pure Food and Drug Act According to the Controlled Substances Act of 1970 , Valium , Lorazepam and Phenobarbital are Schedule IV drugs Stimulation of Beta 2 receptors will cause the following Bronchodilaton , Vasodilation , Glycogenolysis How a drug is absorbed , distributed , metabolized and excreted is called Pharmacodynamics What are example of parenteral drug routes IV, IM , SL When two drugs that have the same effect are given together they produce a response greater than the sum of their individual responses it is called Synergism Drugs that produce a state of paralysis without affecting consciousness are called Neuromuscular blocking agents Beta 2 specific agents used to treat asthma include Proventil The substance secreted by pancreatic islets by the alpha cells that increases blood glucose levels is Glucagon When should you not attempt intubation in a pediatric patients unless airway failure is imminent If you suspect epiglottis Pulmonary ventilation is important in maintaining a normal acid-base balance because it can Retain or rapidly eliminate large volumes of carbon dioxide Physiologically the term respiration refers to The exchange of gases at the cellular level The preferred neuromuscular blocking agent for RSI is Succinylcholine When a portion of the lung is unavailable for gas exchange , yet pulmonary circulation continues in that area you have a condition called Ventilation-Perfusion mismatch The Hypoxic drive is stimulated by Low PaCo2 The average volume of gas inhaled in one respiratory cycle is called The tidal volume When would you expect to find a very low end tidal CO2 levels despite a patent airway When the patient is in cardiac arrest What is the primary difference between the adult and pediatric airway The narrowest part of the pediatric airway is the cricoid ring in the trachea The most ominous finding of auscultation is Silent chest In a healthy individual this type of shock may not present with cool , pale , moist skin , tachycardia and narrowed pulse pressure Neurogenic shock When a object or force impacts the body and kinetic energy is transferred through body tissues the result is Blunt trauma What layer of the arteries controls the diameter Tunica media What are the layers of a artery Tunica intima , tunica media , tunica adventitia A early indicator of internal hemorrhage is Change in mental status They are located in the aortic arch , monitor blood pressure and send feedback to the medulla oblongata to maintain homeostasis Baroreceptors The following occurs in late stage decompensated shock The blood pressure falls Kinetic energy is The energy a object has while it is in motion The Frank - Starling mechanism is The process by which an increase in cardiac output occurs in proportion to the diastolic stretch of heart muscle fibers The amount of venous blood returning to the heart is known as Preload Shock caused by histamine release is Anaphylactic shock Injuries commonly associated with penetrating chest trauma are Myocardial contusion , pericardial tamponade and hemothorax The formation of a partial vacuum and subsequent cavity within a semi fluid medium is Cavitation The glands that secrete fluid within the dermis are Sebaceous glands The finding of JVD in A patient with thoracic trauma is usually associated with Hemothorax , Traumatic Aphyxia , Tension Pneumothorax Formula for fluid resuscitation of burn victims includes 4ml x patient weight/kg x BSA burned Intraperitoneal hemorrhage that occurs with blunt force trauma can result from A ruptured spleen The major difference when using the rule of nines between adult and pediatric patients is The head is of a infant is nearly twice as large proportionally as a adult 18% Hypovolemic shock Caused by the loss of body fluids Cardiogenic shock Caused the heart failing to pump blood adequately to all vital parts of the body Neurogenic shock Caused by the failure nervous system to control the diameter of blood vessels as seen with spinal cord injuries Anaphylactic shock A life threatening reaction of the body to a allergen Psychogenic shock Fainting : is a nervous system reaction often brought about by fear , bad news or the the sight of blood Metabolic shock Caused by the loss of body fluids and changes in body chemistry including salt balance and acid-base balance Septic shock Caused by severe infection toxins are released into the bloodstream causing the blood vessels to dilate increasing the volume of the circulatory system beyond functional limits Shock The body's reaction to low tissue perfusion The skin is collectively know as The Integumentary system The major problem that results from a pneumothorax is Respiratory function is impaired Schedule I medications High potential for abuse no medical indications i.e. Heroin , LSD Schedule II medications High potential for abuse accepted medical indications i.e. Morphine , Dilaudid , Meperidine. Prescriptions must be filled within 24 hours Schedule III medications Lesser abuse potential accepted medical indications i.e. Acetaminophen with codiene Schedule IV medications Low abuse for potential may cause dependence i.e. Valium Schedule V medications Low potential for abuse contains small quantities of narcotics i.e cough medications and antidiarrheal medications SAMPLE Signs and Symptoms , Allergies , Medications , Past medical history , Last meal , Events leading up to What are the four drug names Chemical , Generic , Trade and Official Sympathetic nervous system hormones Epinephrine and Norepinephrine Sympathetic nervous system Fight or Flight alpha and beta receptors Sympathetic nervous system when stimulated will cause + Inotropic effects , + Cronotropic effects and + Dronotropic effects Parasympathetic nervous system " Feed or Breed" Controls vegetative functions mediated through the Vagus nerve Parasympathetic nervous system mediator Acetylcholine Ach Parasympathetic nervous system when stimulated will Cause a slowing of the heart through the SA and AV nodes Sympathomimetic A pharmacological agent that mimics the effects of the Sympathetic Nervous system Malfeasance A breach of duty by performance of a wrongful or unlawful act Misfeasance