Athabasca University Nutrition 331 Final Exam Prep.

Athabasca University Nutrition 331 Final Exam Prep. well explained with great success Six Diseases that a high fibre diet helps prevent - correct answers Colon Cancer Constipation Diverticulitis Hemorrhoids Gallstones Appendicitis How does a high fibre diet prevent disease - correct answers -Increases fecal bulk and speeds up transit time through the digestive system so harmful substances aren't allowed to sit there for longer. (COLON CA) -Viscous fibre lowers blood cholesterol and normalizes blood glucose. (protects against HEART DISEASE & DIABETES) -Foods with fibre prevent excessive energy intake (protects against OBESTIY) What disease does Trans Fat cause & how? - correct answers Coronary Heart Disease (CHD); trans fat increases in the blood level of LDL and lowers HDL. Fruits & Vegetables reduce the risk for what chronic diseases? - correct answers -Cancer -Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD; stoke, heart disease & HTN) -Eye Disease (Macular Degeneration & Cataracts) -Pulmonary Disease -Loss of cognitive ability in the elderly What are the benefits of adequate UN-SATURATED fat intake for CHD Risk? - correct answers -Polyunsaturated fats lower LDL EPA & DHA; -decrease thrombosis and -prevent arrhythmias FORMULA to Calculate BMIs & Who is BMI not appropriate for - correct answers Athletes, Pregnant people and the elderly. WEIGHT KG divided by height in M and height in M again = BMI Calculate the BMI; Chris 73KG & 180cm Tall - correct answers 22.5 List foods that are high in Sodium - correct answers soup, cheese, crackers, chips, ketchup, dill pickles, Bun & bagel are large servings making them high in sodium Food high in fibre - correct answers banana, bagel and bun are refined but have modest fibre due to large serving size Foods high in Vitamin D - correct answers milk, yogurts Foods high in Vitamin A - correct answers cheese, skim milk and cream cheese Foods high in saturated Fats - correct answers cream cheese, crackers, cookies (both types), processed cheese, beef patties, potato chips & soups could be high if made with hydrogenated vegetable oil AMDRS for Energy Yielding Nutrients - correct answers 45-64% Carbs 20-35% Fat 10-35% Protein What are vegans often lacking? - correct answers B12 & absorbable iron is found in meat, fish and eggs. Calcium & Zinc Why is lung cancer more common in omnivores than vegetarians? - correct answers -vegetarians have healthier habits making them less likely to smoke -increased fruit & vegetables intake likely protects against disease What are the health benefits of a vegetarian diet? & why? - correct answers Reduced risk of; CHD, stroke, HTN, Obesity & Cancer. Due to increased Fruit/Veg intake, increased whole grains and reduced meat intake. Vitamin D supplement prevent cancer; T or F - correct answers True Comparison of different countries indicate that prostate cancer is more common when the diet is low in cereal. What does this finding indicate? - correct answers This study proves an association but not causation. Other lifestyle factors associated with cereal could be responsible for the findings. How do fish oils affect the risk of CHD? - correct answers Fish oils specifically EPA & DHA lower the risk of CHD because; polyunsaturated fats decrease LDL, decrease then formation of thrombi, control arrythmias and lower blood triglyceride levels. What fats raise LDL levels? - correct answers Saturated and Trans what is metabolic syndrome? - correct answers A cluster of conditions that increase the risk of heart disease, stroke and diabetes.