AP Government Exam Study Guide 100% Correct Review Solution

AP Government Exam Study Guide 100% Correct Review Solution Administrative Adjudication - ANS-A quasi-judicial process in which a bureaucratic agency settles disputes between two parties in a manner similar to the way courts resolve disputes Administrative Discretion - ANS-The ability of bureaucrats to make choices concerning the best way to implement congressional or executive intentions Amicus Curiae - ANS-"Friend of the court"; amici may file briefs or even appear to argue their interests orally before the court Anti-Federalists - ANS-Those who favored strong state governments and a weak national government; opposed the ratification of the U.S. Constitution Appellate Court - ANS-Court that generally reviews only findings of law made by lower courts Appellate Jurisdiction - ANS-The power vested in particular courts to review and/or revise the decision of a lower court Apportionment - ANS-The process of allotting congressional seats to each state following the decennial census according to their proportion of the population Barron v. Baltimore (1833) - ANS-The Supreme Court ruled that the due process clause of the Fifth Amendment did not apply to the actions of states. This decision limited the Bill of Rights to the actions of Congress alone Bill of Attainder - ANS-A law declaring an act illegal without a judicial trial Black Codes - ANS-Laws denying most legal rights to newly freed slaves; passed by southern states following the Civil War Block Grant - ANS-A large grant given to a state by the federal government with only general spending guidelines Board of Governors - ANS-In the Federal Reserve System, a seven-member board that makes most economic decisions regarding interest rates and the supply of money Bretton Woods System - ANS-International financial system devised shortly before the end of World War II that created the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund Brief - ANS-A document containing the legal written arguments in a case filed with a court by a party prior to a hearing or trial Brown v. Board of Education (1954) - ANS-U.S. Supreme Court decision holding that school segregation is inherently unconstitutional because it violates the Fourteenth Amendment's guarantee of equal protection Business Cycles - ANS-