Microbiology 101 Exam 1 with complete solutions.

Microbiology 101 Exam 1 with complete solutions. Cell arrangements - correct answers.Diplococci-two together Streptococci-a chain of cocci Retrad-groups of 4 organisms Sarcinae-6 to 8 organisms together Staphylocci-14 or more grouped together coccobacillus-mix between coccus and bacillus Cell Shape - correct answers.Coccus-spheric (round) Bacillus-Rod (they are always longer than they are wide) Vibrio-curved rod (they always have a curved shape) Spirillum-wavy rod (they alway have a wave shape) Spirochete-thightly coiled rod (They almost look like a cork-screw Fimbriae - correct answers.Pure protein that the cells produce protein sugar structure (dense) main: ob-attachment to host cells. E.coli-G.I tract produce cytotoxine gonorrhea-STD Pilus - correct answers.Protein/sugar loose structure, job=attachment to host cells E.coli-G.I tract-produce + release cytotoxine Flagellum - correct answers.A thin appendage from the surface of a cell; used for cellular locomotion; composed of 9+2 microtubules in eukaryotic cells. Gram Positive bacteria - correct ria that retain the crystal violet color after decolorizing by alcohol; they stain dam purple Gram Positive Sepsis - correct answers.Septic shock caused by gram positive bacteria. Gram Negative bacteria - correct answers.Bacteria that lose the crystal violet color after decolorizing by alcohol; they stain red after treatment with safranin Gram Negative Sepsis - correct answers.Septic shock caused by gram negative endotoxins Cell Wall - correct answers.The outer covering of most bacterial, fungal, algal, and plant cells; in bacteria, it consists of peptidoglycan. -If you stain a atypical cell wall it will stain a hot pink -The cell wall is comprised of high concentration of hydrophobia waxy lipid (cholesterol based) ex. mycrobacterium sp. ex. leprosy (armadillos tuberculosis-TB) ex. norcardia- actinomyces-soil organism can't infect feet or hands. Cytoskeleton - correct answers.Microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules that provide support and movement for eukaryotic cytoplasm. protein-cell shape-cell division-binary fission Cytoplasm - correct answers.Semi-solid material that 1. stores nutrients (minerals, vitamins, amino acids, carbs) 2. location of (a) transcription & Translation (protein synthesis) (b) energy production) Inclusion Granules - correct answers.Storage of material-nutrients-metals (iron, lead, zinc) Gas Vesicles - correct answers.Small rigid structures that allow buoyancy Ribosome - correct answers.Protein synthesis to make protein large and small DNA - correct answers.Deoxyribonucleic acid Nucleoid - correct answers.The region in a bacterial cell containing the chromosome Plasmid - correct answers.A small circular DNA molecule that replicates independently of the chromosome. Binary fission - correct answers.Prokaryotic cell reproduction by division 1,2,4,8,16 etc. cells Replicate all material nucleiod ribosomes . cell wall etc. 2 daughter cells genetically identical. replication times depend on microbe + environment P,H temperature nutrients. E.coli every 20 mins/TB every few. Random stuff - correct answers.Some organisms (ex.) clostridium bacillus can produce a long term regtha cell -have been found in 7,000 year old mud flats dust in tombs soil. If conditions look bad limited resources. vegetative cell-sporuales growing produce endospore.