PA Emissions Inspection Q&A 2023

What health problems can pollution cause? - Answer- Respiratory issues What percent of air pollution is caused by vehicles? - Answer- 20% How much less air pollution do we have now than in the 1960s? (%) - Answer- 98% less What is the average thermal efficiency? (%) - Answer- 20% Where does 80% of the rest of the fuel go to? - Answer- Friction, heat, and emissions What are the 5 major pollutants? - Answer- Hydrocarbons (HC), Carbon monoxide (CO), Oxides of nitrogen (NOx), Sulfur dioxide (SO2), and particulate matter What are hydrocarbons? - Answer- Unburned fuel of carbon and hydrogen What are hydrocarbons emitted through? - Answer- Incomplete combustion and fuel evaporation What are hydrocarbons caused by? - Answer- Misfire, rich, ignition timing, engine deficiencies, and fuel injectors What has lowered hydrocarbons? - Answer- OBD 2, component controls, fuel delivery, ignition, emissions system, and EVAPs Can you see or smell carbon monoxide? - Answer- No Is carbon monoxide harmful or nonharmful? - Answer- Harmful How is carbon monoxide made? - Answer- Incomplete burning of fuel What is carbon monoxide caused by?` - Answer- rich, dirty air filter, fuel injectors, high fuel pressure, defective sensors, plugged PCV valve, heat riser valve stuck open, air pump malfunction, oil diluted with gas How is nitrogen oxide made? - Answer- Combustion of fuel at high temperatures