HPHY 325 Midterm 2 exam 2024 with 100% correct answers

What are the four types of gastric endureendocrine cells - correct answer Serotonin: stomach muscle contraction Histamine: stimulates secretion of HCL Gastrin: stimulates secretion of HCL Somatostatin: inhibits HCL secretion Define enteric Nervous system and describe its structure - correct answer The ENS refers to the gut brain in which the ENS does not require input from the SNS The What are the two plexi of the ENS - correct answer Myenteric Plexus located in the muscualris externa and the submucosal(Meissner's plexus) located in the submucosa How does the enteric Nervous system participate in both short and long reflexes to control digestive activity - correct answer the long reflex requires the use of both the central and the enteric nervous systems and is typically stimulated by internal stimuli from the GI tract. The short reflex is able to go directly from the GI tract receptors to the gut brain and then release its effectors on smooth muscle glands-- change in motility and secretion What are the visceral efferent tracts on the ENS and what do they do - correct answer SNS: slows down the digestion; contraction of sphincters PNS: increases digestive activity; relaxation of sphincters what kind of signal would indigestion be considered? - correct answer visceral afferent because the indigestion acts as a signal that something is wrong to the brain so that efferent signals can be sent to correct the problem What regulates digestion in the nervous system - correct answer visceral afferents, visceral efferents( including those in the digestive processes_, and the ENS What regulates digestion in the endocrine system - correct answer hormones and enteroendocrine cells Parasympathetic vs. sympathetic control of the GI tract vs. sphincter actions - correct answer PNS: GI tract contracts while sphincters relax SNS: GI relaxes whiles the sphincters contract PNS aims