NBCE - GENERAL ANATOMY – 172 QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS

What structure in the IVD is a remnant of the notochord? Nucleus Pulposis T4 Dermatome is level with what? nipple T10 dermatome is level with what? umbilicus T1-T6 Dorsal Rami medial branches = intrinsic back muscles, then cutaneous, lateral branches = purely motor (erectors) T7-T12 Dorsal Rami medial branches = purely motor (erectors), lateral branches = intrinsic back muscles, then cutaneous What are the abdominal quadrants? RUQ, RLQ, LUQ, LLQ What are the abdominal regions? R/L hypochondriac, RL lumbar, RL iliac, epigastric, umbilical, hypogastric What are the layers of the skin? Basale, spinosum, granulosum, lucidum, corneum (lucidum only found in thick skin) what nerve supplies the T12 dermatome? subcostal n. what 2 nerves supply the L1 dermatome? ilioinguinal, iliohypogastric Where do osteocytes live? lacunae T/F. Haversian canals have a horizontal orientation. false, vertical orientation Volkman's canals perpendicular orientation, connect haversian canals canaliculi gap junctions in bone, provide means for osteocytes to communicate and exchange nutrients endochondral ossification most common, preformed cartilage mold gets turned into bone, primary ossification centers in diaphysis, secondary ossification centers in epiphysis intramembranous ossification starts with a layer of mesenchymal cells, skull, mandible, clavicles osteoprogenitor cells are precursors to what? osteoblasts What are the muscles of the rotator cuff? SITS (supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis) Supraspinatus O: supraspinous fossa I: greater tubercle N: suprascapular n. A: abduction Infraspinatus O: infraspinous fossa I: greater tubercle N: suprascapular n. A: lateral rotation Teres Minor O: upper lat. border scap I: greater tubercle N: axillary A: lateral rotation Subscapularis O: subscapular fossa I: lesser tubercle N: subscapular ns. A: medial rotation What are the boundaries of the axilla? pecs, teres minor, lats, subscapularis, ribs, humerus What are the roots of the brachial plexus? C5-T1 What are the trunks of the brachial plexus? superior (C5/C6), middle (C7), inferior (C8/T1) What are the divisions of the brachial plexus? anterior (upper/middle trunk) and posterior (lower trunk) What are the cords of the brachial plexus? lateral (anterior division), posterior (posterior division), medial (anterior division) What are the branches of the brachial plexus? musculocutneous, axillary, radial, median, ulnar Musculocutaneous exits between which two muscles and what does it become? biceps and brachialis, becomes lateral antebrachial cutaneous What nerve separates brachialis and brachioradialis? radial Coracobrachialis is pierced by what nerve? musculocutaneous 1st section of axillary artery? before pec minor, superior thoracic 2nd section of axillary artery? under pec minor, thoracoacromial trunk, lateral thoracic 3rd section of axillary artery? past pec minor, anterior & posterior humeral circumflex, subscapular 1st section of brachial artery? 1st third, profunda brachii 2nd section of brachial artery? 2nd third, superior ulnar collateral 3rd section of brachial artery? 3rd third, inferior ulnar collateral T/F. The cephalic vein is lateral. true T/F. The Basilic vein is lateral. false, medial T/F. The Median cubital vein is medial in midline, connects cephalic and basilic Quadrangular space axillary nerve, posterior humeral circumflex artery triangular space circumflex scapular artery triangular interval profunda brachii artery, radial nerve What are the borders of the cubital fossa? brachialis tendon (floor), brachioradialis (lateral), pronator teres (medial), bicipital aponeurosis (roof) What is contained in the cubital fossa? brachial artery, brachial vein, median nerve What are the deep muscles of the anterior forearm? FDP (1/2 AIN, 1/2 ulnar), FPL (AIN), Pronator Quadratus (AIN) What are the intermediate muscle of the anterior forearm? Flexor digitorum superficialis, power grip What are the superficial muscles of the anterior forearm? pronator teres, FCR, Palmaris longus, FCU; all median nerve except FCU (ulnar) Which muscles of the posterior forearm are innervated by the deep branch of radial nerve? supinator, extensor carpi radialis brevis Which muscles of the posterior forearm are innervated by radial nerve? brachioradialis, anconeus, ECRL Which muscles of the posterior forearm are innervated by PIN? extensor digitorum, extensor digitmini, ECU, abductor pollicus longus, extensor pollicus longus, extensor pollicus brevis, extensor indices What are the boundaries of the carpal tunnel? flexor retinaculum, ulnocarpal/radiocarpal ligs, scaphoid/trapezium, hook of hamate/pisiform What is contained in the carpal tunnel? FDP, FDS, FPL, Median nerve Amphiarthroses very limited motion (symphyses and syndesmoses) Synarthroses immoveable (sutures) Diarthroses moveable (synovial joints ie. plane, hinge etc.) Sciatic nerve contains what spinal levels? L4-S3 Where does the sciatic nerve exit the pelvis? sciatic foramen What does the sciatic nerve branch into? tibial and common fibular What nerves go through the lesser sciatic foramen? Puedendal n, Internal puedendal artery/vein, n. to obturator internus Superior gluteal nerve is made up of what spinal levels? L4-S1 Inferior gluteal nerve is made up of what spinal levels? L5-S2 True Pelvis below pelvic brim, holds pelvic organs false pelvis above pelvis brim, holds abdominal contents At what level does the abdominal aorta bifurcate? L4 What structures are in the popliteal fossa? popliteal artery/vein, common fibular n, tibial n What structures are in the adductor canal? femoral artery, femoral vein, saphenous n., n. to vastus medialis What does the sural nerve supply? post/lat calf and lat. foot What does the sural n. run with? lesser saphenous nerve What are the boundaries of the femoral triangle? inguinal lig, adductor longus, sartorius, pectineus/psoas (floor)