ONS CHEMOTHERAPY IMMUNOTHERAPY CERTIFICATE (QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS) LATEST REVIEWED 2024

ONS CHEMOTHERAPY IMMUNOTHERAPY CERTIFICATE (QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS) LATEST REVIEWED 2024 3 major phases of cell division: - CORECT ANSWER-Interphase Mitotic phase Cytokinesis 3 steps of interphase: - CORECT ANSWER-First growth phase (G1) Synthesis phase (S phase) Second growth phase (G2) 4 phases of mitosis: - CORECT ANSWER-Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Innate immunity: - CORECT ANSWER-Non-specific response, either: 1. Barrier (skin, mucous membranes, flora of skin/gut) 2. Cellular components (phagocytes, natural killer cells, granulocytes, macrophages) Adaptive immunity: - CORECT ANSWER-Follows innate immunity if unsuccessful. Memory immunity, including: 1. Humoral immunity (production of antibodies or immunoglobulins) 2. Cell mediated immunity (dependent upon T cells) 3. Regulatory T -cells (prevent autoimmune reactions and limit inflammatory responses) Define mutations - CORECT ANSWER-Variations in the nucleotide sequence of a gene 3 main goals of treatment: - CORECT ANSWER-Cure Control Palliation Define neoadjuvant therapy - CORECT ANSWER-Treatment is given prior to surgery to shrink the tumor Define adjuvant therapy - CORECT ANSWER-Additional cancer treatment given after the primary treatment to lower the risk that the cancer reoccur Define conditioning/preparative therapy - CORECT ANSWER-Treatments used to prepare a patient for stem cell transplantation 2 types of conditioning therapies: - CORECT ANSWER-Myeloablative Nonmyeloablative Define dose density - CORECT ANSWER-Drug dose per unit of time Define dose intensity - CORECT ANSWER-Amount of drug delivered over time How is relative dose intensity (RDI) calculated? - CORECT ANSWER-By comparing the dose that the patient ACTUALLY received to the planned dose of the standard regimen How do alkylating agents work? - CORECT ANSWER-By causing a break in the DNA helix strand, interfering with DNA replication and causing cell death 3 subcategories of alkylating agents: - CORECT ANSWER-1. Nitrogen mustards 2. Platinum-based agents (do not possess an alkyl group but still termed alkylating agents as they work similarly) 3. Nitrosoureas Most common subcategory of alkylating agents: - CORECT ANSWER-Nitrogen mustards Common alkylating agents: - CORECT ANSWER-Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) Ifosfamide (Ifex) Bendamustine (Treanda) Common platinum-based agents: - CORECT ANSWER-Cisplatin (Platinol) Carboplatin (Paraplatin) What is unique about nitrosoureas agents? - CORECT ANSWER-Able to cross the blood-brain barrier; can be effective in treating some brain tumors Common nitrosoureas agents: - CORECT ANSWER-Carmustine (BiCNU) Lomustine (CeeNu) Streptozocin (Zanosar) Hypersensitivity can occur with late doses of: - CORECT ANSWER-Carboplatin These agents are typically categorized as highly emetogenic: - CORECT ANSWER-1. Alkylating agents 2. Nitrosoureas Pre-administration labs for alkylating agents and nitrosoureas: - CORECT ANSWERBUN