NU 372 HESI Medical-Surgical Practice Exam - Questions and Answers

NU 372 HESI Medical-Surgical Practice Exam - Questions and Answers A client receiving cholestyramine (Questran) for hyperlipidemia should be evaluated for what vitamin deficiency? o K. o B12. o B6. o C. The nurse is working with a 71-year-old obese client with bilateral osteoarthritis (OA) of the hips. What recommendation should the nurse make that is most beneficial in protecting the client's joints? o Increase the amount of calcium intake in the diet. o Apply alternating heat and cold therapies. o Initiate a weight-reduction diet to achieve a healthy body weight. o Use a walker for ambulation to lessen weight-bearing on the hips. When providing discharge teaching for a client with osteoporosis, the nurse should reinforce which home care activity? o A diet low in phosphates. o Skin inspection for bruising. o Exercise regimen, including swimming. o Elimination of hazards to home safety. A client who is sexual active with several partners requests an intrauterine device (IUD) as a contraceptive method. Which information should the nurse provide? o Using an IUD offers no protection against sexually transmitted diseases (STD), which increase the risk for pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). o Getting pregnant while using an IUD is common and is not the best contraceptive choice. o Relying on an IUD may be a safer choice for monogamous partners, but a barrier method provides a better option in preventing STD transmission. o Selecting a contraceptive device should consider choosing a successful method used in the past. A client with a 16-year history of diabetes mellitus is having renal function tests because of recent fatigue, weakness, elevated blood urea nitrogen, and serum creatinine levels. Which finding should the nurse conclude as an early symptom of renal insufficiency? o Dyspnea. o Nocturia. o Confusion. o Stomatitis. A client is admitted to the medical intensive care unit with a diagnosis of myocardial infarction. The client's history indicates the infarction occurred ten hours ago. Which laboratory test result would the nurse expect this client to exhibit? o Elevated LDH. o Elevated serum amylase. o Elevated CK-MB. o Elevated hematocrit. A 51-year-old truck driver who smokes two packs of cigarettes a day and is 30 pounds overweight is diagnosed with having a gastric ulcer. What content is most important for the nurse to include in the discharge teaching for this client? o Information about smoking cessation. o Diet instructions for a low-residue diet. o Instructions on a weight-loss program. o The importance of increasing milk in the diet. The nurse is assessing a client with bacterial meningitis. Which assessment finding indicates the client may have developed septic emboli? o Cyanosis of the fingertips. o Bradycardia and bradypnea. o Presence of S3 and S4 heart sounds. o 3+ pitting edema of the lower extremities. A client experiencing uncontrolled atrial fibrillation is admitted to the telemetry unit. What initial medication should the nurse anticipate administering to the client? o Xylocaine (Lidocaine). o Procainamide (Pronestyl). o Phenytoin (Dilantin). o Digoxin (Lanoxin). A male client receives a local anesthetic during surgery. During the post-operative assessment, the nurse notices the client is slurring his speech. Which action should the nurse take? o Determine the client is anxious and allow him to sleep. o Evaluate his blood pressure, pulse, and respiratory status. o Review the client's pre-operative history for alcohol abuse. o Continue to monitor the client for reactivity to anesthesia. Despite several eye surgeries, a 78-year-old client who lives alone has persistent vision problems. The visiting nurse is discussing home safety hazards with the client. The nurse suggests that the edges of the steps be painted which color? o Black. o White. o Light green. o Medium yellow. What types of medications should the nurse expect to administer to a client during an acute respiratory distress episode? o Vasodilators and hormones. o Analgesics and sedatives. o Anticoagulants and expectorants. o Bronchodilators and steroids. A 46-year-old female client is admitted for acute renal failure secondary to diabetes and hypertension. Which test is the best indicator of adequate glomerular filtration? o Serum creatinine. o Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN). o Sedimentation rate. o Urine specific gravity. A female client is brought to the clinic by her daughter for a flu shot. She has lost significant weight since the last visit. She has poor personal hygiene and inadequate clothing for the weather. The client states that she lives alone and denies problems or concerns. What action should the nurse implement? o Notify social services immediately of suspected elderly abuse. o Discuss the need for mental health counseling with the daughter. o Explain to the client that she needs to take better care of herself. o Collect further data to determine whether self-neglect is occurring. A 32-year-old female client complains of severe abdominal pain each month before her menstrual period, painful intercourse, and painful defecation. Which additional history should the nurse obtain that is consistent with the client's complaints? o Frequent urinary tract infections. o Inability to get pregnant. o Premenstrual syndrome. o Chronic use of laxatives. During a health fair, a 72-year-old male client tells the nurse that he is experiencing shortness of breath. Auscultation reveals crackles and wheezing in both lungs.