Latin GCSE OCR
GRAMMAR
1
,Table Of Contents:
A - NOUNS........................................................................................................................................ 4
A1 : NAGDA................................................................................................................................. 4
A2 : VOCATIVE............................................................................................................................ 5
B - ACTIVE VERBS........................................................................................................................... 6
B1 : PRESENT............................................................................................................................. 6
B2 : IMPERFECT......................................................................................................................... 6
B3 : FUTURE............................................................................................................................... 7
B4 : PERFECT............................................................................................................................. 7
B5 : PLUPERFECT...................................................................................................................... 8
C - PASSIVE VERBS.........................................................................................................................9
C1 : AGENT AND INSTRUMENT................................................................................................ 9
C2 : PRESENT...........................................................................................................................10
C3 : IMPERFECT....................................................................................................................... 11
C4 : FUTURE............................................................................................................................. 12
C5 : PERFECT........................................................................................................................... 13
C6 : PLUPERFECT.................................................................................................................... 14
D - SUBJUNCTIVE.......................................................................................................................... 15
D1 : IMPERFECT ACTIVE SUBJUNCTIVE............................................................................... 15
D2 : IMPERFECT PASSIVE SUBJUNCTIVE............................................................................. 15
D3 : PURPOSE CLAUSES........................................................................................................ 16
D4 : INDIRECT COMMAND.......................................................................................................17
D5 : RESULT CLAUSES............................................................................................................ 18
D6 : FEARING CLAUSES.......................................................................................................... 19
D7 : TEMPORAL WITH PURPOSE........................................................................................... 20
D8 : PLUPERFECT ACTIVE SUBJUNCTIVE............................................................................ 21
D9 : PLUPERFECT PASSIVE SUBJUNCTIVE..........................................................................22
D10 : CUM CLAUSES................................................................................................................23
D11 : INDIRECT QUESTIONS................................................................................................... 24
E - PRINCIPAL PARTS....................................................................................................................25
E1 : PRINCIPAL PARTS.............................................................................................................25
F - INFINITIVES............................................................................................................................... 26
F1 : PRESENT ACTIVE INFINITIVE..........................................................................................26
F2 : PERFECT ACTIVE INFINITIVE.......................................................................................... 26
F3 : PRESENT PASSIVE INFINITIVE........................................................................................26
F4 : PERFECT PASSIVE INFINITIVE........................................................................................ 27
F5 : FUTURE ACTIVE INFINITIVE............................................................................................ 27
G - MORE VERBS........................................................................................................................... 28
G1 : IMPERATIVES....................................................................................................................28
G2 : EO...................................................................................................................................... 29
G3 : SUM....................................................................................................................................29
G4 : POSSUM............................................................................................................................ 29
G5 : VOLO..................................................................................................................................30
2
, G8 : DEPONENT VERBS.......................................................................................................... 31
G9 : SEMI - DEPONENT VERBS.............................................................................................. 32
G10 : COMPOUND VERBS....................................................................................................... 32
H - PARTICIPLES............................................................................................................................ 34
H1 : PRESENT ACTIVE PARTICIPLE [ PAP ]........................................................................... 34
H2 : PERFECT PASSIVE PARTICIPLE [ PPP ]......................................................................... 34
H3 : FUTURE ACTIVE PARTICIPLE [ FAP ]..............................................................................34
H4 : PERFECT ACTIVE PARTICIPLE [ deponent verbs only]................................................... 35
H5 : PARTICIPLE EXAMPLES...................................................................................................35
I - PRONOUNS................................................................................................................................ 36
I1 : PERSONAL PRONOUNS.................................................................................................... 36
I2 : POSSESSIVES [212]........................................................................................................... 36
I3 : DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS......................................................................................... 37
I4 : INTERROGATIVE PRONOUN - QUESTION....................................................................... 37
I5 : RELATIVE PRONOUN........................................................................................................38
I6 - CONNECTING RELATIVE................................................................................................... 38
I7 : OTHER PRONOUNS........................................................................................................... 39
J - INDIRECT STATEMENTS.......................................................................................................... 41
J1 - INDIRECT STATEMENTS...................................................................................................41
J2 - PRESENT ACTIVE............................................................................................................. 41
J3 - PERFECT ACTIVE..............................................................................................................41
J4 - PRESENT PASSIVE........................................................................................................... 42
J5 - PERFECT PASSIVE........................................................................................................... 42
J6 - FUTURE ACTIVE................................................................................................................42
K - ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS................................................................................................. 43
K1 - COMPARATIVES vs SUPERLATIVES............................................................................... 43
K2 - ADVERBS...........................................................................................................................44
K3 - AGREEMENT..................................................................................................................... 44
K4 - COMPARISON................................................................................................................... 45
L - ACCUSATIVE VS ABLATIVE.................................................................................................... 46
L1 - CITIES.................................................................................................................................46
L2 - TIME....................................................................................................................................46
L3 - IN.........................................................................................................................................46
L4 - PREPOSITIONS................................................................................................................. 47
M - ABLATIVE ABSOLUTE.............................................................................................................48
M1 - ABLATIVE ABSOLUTE...................................................................................................... 48
N - OTHER....................................................................................................................................... 49
N1 - NUMERALS........................................................................................................................49
N2 - QUESTION WORDS.......................................................................................................... 50
N3 - SIGNPOST WORDS.......................................................................................................... 51
N4 - DUM................................................................................................................................... 52
N5 - AD + GERUNDIVE............................................................................................................. 53
N6 - IF CLAUSES.......................................................................................................................54
3
,A - NOUNS
A1 : NAGDA
NOMINATIVE - The subject of a sentence
ACCUSATIVE - The object of a sentence
GENITIVE - Possession (of)
DATIVE - The indirect object of a sentence (to/for)
ABLATIVE - By/With/From
1st | f 2nd | m 2nd | n 3rd | m/f 3rd | n 4th 5th
SINGULAR
N puella servus templum leo nomen manus dies
A pullam servum templum leonem nomen manum diem
G puellae servi templi leonis nominis manus diei
D puellae servo templo leoni nomini manui diei
A puella servo templo leone nomine manu die
PLURAL
N puellae servi templa leones nomina manus dies
A puellas servos templa leones nomina manus dies
G puellarum servorum templorum leonum nominum manuum dierum
D puellis servis templis leonibus nominibus manibus diebus
A puellis servis templis leonibus nominibus manibus diebus
EXAMPLES
Nominative
1.Puer ambulabat
1.The boy was walking
Accusative
2.Dominus servum cenam parare iussit
2.The master ordered the slave to prepare dinner
Genitive
3.Dux exercitus est fortis
3.The leader of the army is brave
Dative
4
,4.Mercator togam puellis ostendit
4.The merchant showed the toga to the girls
Ablative
5.Ego ab Roma ad Insulam navigavi
5.I sailed from Rome to an Island
A2 : VOCATIVE
VOCATIVE - Addressing someone (often used in conjunction with imperatives)
1st | f 2nd | m 2nd | n 3rd | m/f 3rd | n 4th 5th
SINGULAR
V puella serve templum leo nomen manus dies
fili
PLURAL
V puellae servi templa leones nomina manus dies
filii
EXAMPLES
1.Ecce puella!
1.Look girl!
2.Ostendite nobis viam nunti!
2.Show(pl) us the way messenger!
5
,B - ACTIVE VERBS
B1 : PRESENT
I carry O, S, T, MUS, TIS, NT
1st 2nd 3rd 4th MIXED
singular
I carry I warn I drag I hear I capture
1st I porto moneo traho audio capio
2nd YOU portas mones trahis audis capis
3rd HE/SHE/IT portat monet trahit audit capit
plural
1st WE portamus monemus trahimus audimus capimus
2nd YOU portatis monetis trahitis auditis capitis
3rd THEY portant monent trahunt audiunt capiunt
B2 : IMPERFECT
I was carrying BAM, BAS, BAT, BAMUS, BATIS, BANT
1st 2nd 3rd 4th MIXED
singular
I was carrying I was warning I was I was I was
dragging hearing capturing
1st I portabam monebam trahebam audiebam capiebam
2nd YOU portabas monebas trahebas audiebas capiebas
3rd HE/SHE/IT portabat monebat trahebat audiebat capiebat
plural
1st WE portabamus monebamus trahebamus audiebamus capiebamus
2nd YOU portabatis monebatis trahebatis audiebatis capiebatis
3rd THEY portabant monebant trahebant audiebant capiebant
6
, B3 : FUTURE
I will carry BO, BIS, BIT, BIMIS, BITIS, BUNT /
AM, ES, ET, EMUS, ETIS, ENT
1st 2nd 3rd 4th MIXED
singular
I will carry I will warn I will drag I will hear I will capture
1st I portabo monebo traham audiam capiam
2nd YOU portabis monebis trahes audies capies
3rd HE/SHE/IT portabit monebit trahet audiet capiet
plural
1st WE portabimus monebimus trahemus audiemus capiemus
2nd YOU portabitis monebitis trahetis audietis capietis
3rd THEY portabunt monebunt trahent audient capient
B4 : PERFECT
I carried I, ISTI, IT, IMUS, ISTIS, ERUNT
1st 2nd 3rd 4th MIXED
singular
I carried I warned I dragged I heard I captured
1st I portavi monui traxi audivi cepi
2nd YOU portavisti monuisti traxisti audivisti cepisti
3rd HE/SHE/IT portavit monuit traxit audivit cepit
plural
1st WE portavimus monuimus traximus audivimus cepimus
2nd YOU portavistits monuistis traxistis audivistis cepistis
3rd THEY portaverunt monuerunt traxerunt audiverunt ceperunt
7
GRAMMAR
1
,Table Of Contents:
A - NOUNS........................................................................................................................................ 4
A1 : NAGDA................................................................................................................................. 4
A2 : VOCATIVE............................................................................................................................ 5
B - ACTIVE VERBS........................................................................................................................... 6
B1 : PRESENT............................................................................................................................. 6
B2 : IMPERFECT......................................................................................................................... 6
B3 : FUTURE............................................................................................................................... 7
B4 : PERFECT............................................................................................................................. 7
B5 : PLUPERFECT...................................................................................................................... 8
C - PASSIVE VERBS.........................................................................................................................9
C1 : AGENT AND INSTRUMENT................................................................................................ 9
C2 : PRESENT...........................................................................................................................10
C3 : IMPERFECT....................................................................................................................... 11
C4 : FUTURE............................................................................................................................. 12
C5 : PERFECT........................................................................................................................... 13
C6 : PLUPERFECT.................................................................................................................... 14
D - SUBJUNCTIVE.......................................................................................................................... 15
D1 : IMPERFECT ACTIVE SUBJUNCTIVE............................................................................... 15
D2 : IMPERFECT PASSIVE SUBJUNCTIVE............................................................................. 15
D3 : PURPOSE CLAUSES........................................................................................................ 16
D4 : INDIRECT COMMAND.......................................................................................................17
D5 : RESULT CLAUSES............................................................................................................ 18
D6 : FEARING CLAUSES.......................................................................................................... 19
D7 : TEMPORAL WITH PURPOSE........................................................................................... 20
D8 : PLUPERFECT ACTIVE SUBJUNCTIVE............................................................................ 21
D9 : PLUPERFECT PASSIVE SUBJUNCTIVE..........................................................................22
D10 : CUM CLAUSES................................................................................................................23
D11 : INDIRECT QUESTIONS................................................................................................... 24
E - PRINCIPAL PARTS....................................................................................................................25
E1 : PRINCIPAL PARTS.............................................................................................................25
F - INFINITIVES............................................................................................................................... 26
F1 : PRESENT ACTIVE INFINITIVE..........................................................................................26
F2 : PERFECT ACTIVE INFINITIVE.......................................................................................... 26
F3 : PRESENT PASSIVE INFINITIVE........................................................................................26
F4 : PERFECT PASSIVE INFINITIVE........................................................................................ 27
F5 : FUTURE ACTIVE INFINITIVE............................................................................................ 27
G - MORE VERBS........................................................................................................................... 28
G1 : IMPERATIVES....................................................................................................................28
G2 : EO...................................................................................................................................... 29
G3 : SUM....................................................................................................................................29
G4 : POSSUM............................................................................................................................ 29
G5 : VOLO..................................................................................................................................30
2
, G8 : DEPONENT VERBS.......................................................................................................... 31
G9 : SEMI - DEPONENT VERBS.............................................................................................. 32
G10 : COMPOUND VERBS....................................................................................................... 32
H - PARTICIPLES............................................................................................................................ 34
H1 : PRESENT ACTIVE PARTICIPLE [ PAP ]........................................................................... 34
H2 : PERFECT PASSIVE PARTICIPLE [ PPP ]......................................................................... 34
H3 : FUTURE ACTIVE PARTICIPLE [ FAP ]..............................................................................34
H4 : PERFECT ACTIVE PARTICIPLE [ deponent verbs only]................................................... 35
H5 : PARTICIPLE EXAMPLES...................................................................................................35
I - PRONOUNS................................................................................................................................ 36
I1 : PERSONAL PRONOUNS.................................................................................................... 36
I2 : POSSESSIVES [212]........................................................................................................... 36
I3 : DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS......................................................................................... 37
I4 : INTERROGATIVE PRONOUN - QUESTION....................................................................... 37
I5 : RELATIVE PRONOUN........................................................................................................38
I6 - CONNECTING RELATIVE................................................................................................... 38
I7 : OTHER PRONOUNS........................................................................................................... 39
J - INDIRECT STATEMENTS.......................................................................................................... 41
J1 - INDIRECT STATEMENTS...................................................................................................41
J2 - PRESENT ACTIVE............................................................................................................. 41
J3 - PERFECT ACTIVE..............................................................................................................41
J4 - PRESENT PASSIVE........................................................................................................... 42
J5 - PERFECT PASSIVE........................................................................................................... 42
J6 - FUTURE ACTIVE................................................................................................................42
K - ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS................................................................................................. 43
K1 - COMPARATIVES vs SUPERLATIVES............................................................................... 43
K2 - ADVERBS...........................................................................................................................44
K3 - AGREEMENT..................................................................................................................... 44
K4 - COMPARISON................................................................................................................... 45
L - ACCUSATIVE VS ABLATIVE.................................................................................................... 46
L1 - CITIES.................................................................................................................................46
L2 - TIME....................................................................................................................................46
L3 - IN.........................................................................................................................................46
L4 - PREPOSITIONS................................................................................................................. 47
M - ABLATIVE ABSOLUTE.............................................................................................................48
M1 - ABLATIVE ABSOLUTE...................................................................................................... 48
N - OTHER....................................................................................................................................... 49
N1 - NUMERALS........................................................................................................................49
N2 - QUESTION WORDS.......................................................................................................... 50
N3 - SIGNPOST WORDS.......................................................................................................... 51
N4 - DUM................................................................................................................................... 52
N5 - AD + GERUNDIVE............................................................................................................. 53
N6 - IF CLAUSES.......................................................................................................................54
3
,A - NOUNS
A1 : NAGDA
NOMINATIVE - The subject of a sentence
ACCUSATIVE - The object of a sentence
GENITIVE - Possession (of)
DATIVE - The indirect object of a sentence (to/for)
ABLATIVE - By/With/From
1st | f 2nd | m 2nd | n 3rd | m/f 3rd | n 4th 5th
SINGULAR
N puella servus templum leo nomen manus dies
A pullam servum templum leonem nomen manum diem
G puellae servi templi leonis nominis manus diei
D puellae servo templo leoni nomini manui diei
A puella servo templo leone nomine manu die
PLURAL
N puellae servi templa leones nomina manus dies
A puellas servos templa leones nomina manus dies
G puellarum servorum templorum leonum nominum manuum dierum
D puellis servis templis leonibus nominibus manibus diebus
A puellis servis templis leonibus nominibus manibus diebus
EXAMPLES
Nominative
1.Puer ambulabat
1.The boy was walking
Accusative
2.Dominus servum cenam parare iussit
2.The master ordered the slave to prepare dinner
Genitive
3.Dux exercitus est fortis
3.The leader of the army is brave
Dative
4
,4.Mercator togam puellis ostendit
4.The merchant showed the toga to the girls
Ablative
5.Ego ab Roma ad Insulam navigavi
5.I sailed from Rome to an Island
A2 : VOCATIVE
VOCATIVE - Addressing someone (often used in conjunction with imperatives)
1st | f 2nd | m 2nd | n 3rd | m/f 3rd | n 4th 5th
SINGULAR
V puella serve templum leo nomen manus dies
fili
PLURAL
V puellae servi templa leones nomina manus dies
filii
EXAMPLES
1.Ecce puella!
1.Look girl!
2.Ostendite nobis viam nunti!
2.Show(pl) us the way messenger!
5
,B - ACTIVE VERBS
B1 : PRESENT
I carry O, S, T, MUS, TIS, NT
1st 2nd 3rd 4th MIXED
singular
I carry I warn I drag I hear I capture
1st I porto moneo traho audio capio
2nd YOU portas mones trahis audis capis
3rd HE/SHE/IT portat monet trahit audit capit
plural
1st WE portamus monemus trahimus audimus capimus
2nd YOU portatis monetis trahitis auditis capitis
3rd THEY portant monent trahunt audiunt capiunt
B2 : IMPERFECT
I was carrying BAM, BAS, BAT, BAMUS, BATIS, BANT
1st 2nd 3rd 4th MIXED
singular
I was carrying I was warning I was I was I was
dragging hearing capturing
1st I portabam monebam trahebam audiebam capiebam
2nd YOU portabas monebas trahebas audiebas capiebas
3rd HE/SHE/IT portabat monebat trahebat audiebat capiebat
plural
1st WE portabamus monebamus trahebamus audiebamus capiebamus
2nd YOU portabatis monebatis trahebatis audiebatis capiebatis
3rd THEY portabant monebant trahebant audiebant capiebant
6
, B3 : FUTURE
I will carry BO, BIS, BIT, BIMIS, BITIS, BUNT /
AM, ES, ET, EMUS, ETIS, ENT
1st 2nd 3rd 4th MIXED
singular
I will carry I will warn I will drag I will hear I will capture
1st I portabo monebo traham audiam capiam
2nd YOU portabis monebis trahes audies capies
3rd HE/SHE/IT portabit monebit trahet audiet capiet
plural
1st WE portabimus monebimus trahemus audiemus capiemus
2nd YOU portabitis monebitis trahetis audietis capietis
3rd THEY portabunt monebunt trahent audient capient
B4 : PERFECT
I carried I, ISTI, IT, IMUS, ISTIS, ERUNT
1st 2nd 3rd 4th MIXED
singular
I carried I warned I dragged I heard I captured
1st I portavi monui traxi audivi cepi
2nd YOU portavisti monuisti traxisti audivisti cepisti
3rd HE/SHE/IT portavit monuit traxit audivit cepit
plural
1st WE portavimus monuimus traximus audivimus cepimus
2nd YOU portavistits monuistis traxistis audivistis cepistis
3rd THEY portaverunt monuerunt traxerunt audiverunt ceperunt
7
