Nurs 488 Midterm 1 With
Complete Solution
Adrenergic Drugs - ANSWER drugs that stimulate the sympathetic nervous
system
-epinephrine
-norepinephirne
-dopamine
-α 2-Receptor agonists (central)
Clonidine and methyldopa
-α 1-Receptor blockers (peripheral)
doxazosin, prazosin, terazosin *osin or zosin
-β -Receptor blockers
propranolol, metoprolol, atenolol, nebivolol *olol, ilol, alol
-Combination α 1- and β -receptor blockers
labetalol
Agonist medications - ANSWER The group of medications that initiates or
alters a cellular activity by attaching to receptor sites, prompting a cellular
response.
Adrenergic-Blocking Drugs - ANSWER -Bind to adrenergic receptors to block
or inhibit stimulation of the SNS
,-Have the opposite effect of adrenergic drugs
-a blockers
-b blockers
-a and b blockers
Drug Effects and Indications: α -Blockers - ANSWER -Cause both arterial and
venous dilation, reducing peripheral vascular resistance and blood pressure
(BP)
-Examples: phentolamine mesylate,
-Effect on receptors on prostate gland and bladder
-Examples: tamsulosin hydrochloride (Flomax)
β -Blockers - ANSWER Block stimulation of β -receptors in the SNS
-Compete with norepinephrine and epinephrine
-Can be selective or nonselective
-Cardioselective β -blockers or β 1-blocking drugs
-Nonselective β -blockers block both β 1-receptors and β 2-receptors.
Cardioselective β -blockers (β 1) - ANSWER -Reduce SNS stimulation of the
heart
-Decrease heart rate
-Prolong sinoatrial node recovery
-Slow conduction rate through the atrioventricular (AV) node
-Decrease myocardial contractility, thus reducing myocardial oxygen demand
, Nonselective β -blockers (β 1 and β 2) - ANSWER -Cause same effects on
heart as do cardioselective ß-blockers
-Constrict bronchioles, resulting in narrowing of airways and shortness of
breath
-Produce vasoconstriction of blood vessels
B-blockers indications - ANSWER -Treat angina
-Cardioprotective in myocardial infarction
-Treat some kinds of dysrhythmia
-Treat hypertension
-Treats CHF (particularly diastolic)
-Migraine prevention
-Glaucoma
timolol (Timoptic)
cholinergic drugs - ANSWER agents that stimulate the parasympathetic
nervous system in that mimic acetylcholine
- generally operates to oppose the SNS
Direct acting cholinergic agonists - ANSWER Bind to cholinergic receptors,
activating them
Indirect-acting cholinergic agonists - ANSWER -Also known as cholinesterase
inhibitors
-Inhibit the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, which breaks down ACh
-Results in more ACh available at the receptors
Complete Solution
Adrenergic Drugs - ANSWER drugs that stimulate the sympathetic nervous
system
-epinephrine
-norepinephirne
-dopamine
-α 2-Receptor agonists (central)
Clonidine and methyldopa
-α 1-Receptor blockers (peripheral)
doxazosin, prazosin, terazosin *osin or zosin
-β -Receptor blockers
propranolol, metoprolol, atenolol, nebivolol *olol, ilol, alol
-Combination α 1- and β -receptor blockers
labetalol
Agonist medications - ANSWER The group of medications that initiates or
alters a cellular activity by attaching to receptor sites, prompting a cellular
response.
Adrenergic-Blocking Drugs - ANSWER -Bind to adrenergic receptors to block
or inhibit stimulation of the SNS
,-Have the opposite effect of adrenergic drugs
-a blockers
-b blockers
-a and b blockers
Drug Effects and Indications: α -Blockers - ANSWER -Cause both arterial and
venous dilation, reducing peripheral vascular resistance and blood pressure
(BP)
-Examples: phentolamine mesylate,
-Effect on receptors on prostate gland and bladder
-Examples: tamsulosin hydrochloride (Flomax)
β -Blockers - ANSWER Block stimulation of β -receptors in the SNS
-Compete with norepinephrine and epinephrine
-Can be selective or nonselective
-Cardioselective β -blockers or β 1-blocking drugs
-Nonselective β -blockers block both β 1-receptors and β 2-receptors.
Cardioselective β -blockers (β 1) - ANSWER -Reduce SNS stimulation of the
heart
-Decrease heart rate
-Prolong sinoatrial node recovery
-Slow conduction rate through the atrioventricular (AV) node
-Decrease myocardial contractility, thus reducing myocardial oxygen demand
, Nonselective β -blockers (β 1 and β 2) - ANSWER -Cause same effects on
heart as do cardioselective ß-blockers
-Constrict bronchioles, resulting in narrowing of airways and shortness of
breath
-Produce vasoconstriction of blood vessels
B-blockers indications - ANSWER -Treat angina
-Cardioprotective in myocardial infarction
-Treat some kinds of dysrhythmia
-Treat hypertension
-Treats CHF (particularly diastolic)
-Migraine prevention
-Glaucoma
timolol (Timoptic)
cholinergic drugs - ANSWER agents that stimulate the parasympathetic
nervous system in that mimic acetylcholine
- generally operates to oppose the SNS
Direct acting cholinergic agonists - ANSWER Bind to cholinergic receptors,
activating them
Indirect-acting cholinergic agonists - ANSWER -Also known as cholinesterase
inhibitors
-Inhibit the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, which breaks down ACh
-Results in more ACh available at the receptors
