Nursing 213 Exam 2 Questions with 100% Correct Answers

Sodium Correct Answer 135-145 meq/L Supports neurological and neuromuscular function by regulating fluid balance and BP Hyponatremia Correct Answer Caused by vomiting, diarrhea, meds (diuretics, excessive water or alcohol) burns, organ problems - edema, confusion, lethargy, headache, fatigue, twitching, irritability, seizures, cramps, nausea/vomiting - correct by adding sodium and restricting water intake Hypernatremia Correct Answer Caused by dehydration, sweating, meds., kidney dysfunction, any form of diabetes, heat stroke/burns - confusion, lethargy, irritability, dry mouth, twitching, weakness Correct by administration of hypotonic ivs and D5W Potassium Correct Answer 3.5-5.0 meq/L - supports transmission of impulses of the body's nerves and muscles Hypokalemia Correct Answer Caused by diuretics, nausea/vomiting, metabolic alkalosis, alcohol, kidney diseases, sweating, cardiac conditions, diabetic ketoacidosis - cardiac arrhythmia, muscle weakness, tired, hypotension, resp. Paralysis, constipation Correct by administration of potassium BUT dilute it (it's a painful med, HIGH ALERT MED when given by IV) monitor glucose and heart Hyperkalemia Correct Answer Caused by diuretics, nsaids, ACE inhibitors, dehydration, trauma, burns, transfusions, DM, sepsis, acidosis - nausea/vomiting, weakness, cardiac arrest, cramps, no reflexes, peaked T waves Correct by removing excess via hemodialysis, stop meds., give meds like resin, insulin, or beta blockers Calcium Correct Answer 8.5-10.5 mg/dl Most abundant mineral Mineralizes bones, helps muscles contract, ner