Bontrager Chapter 4 Workbook Exam Questions With 100% Solutions

Bontrager Chapter 4 Workbook Exam Questions With 100% Solutions Identify the number of bones: Phalanges (fingers and thumb) - ANSWER- 14 Identify the number of bones: Metacarpals (palm) - ANSWER- 5 Identify the number of bones: Carpals (wrist) - ANSWER- 8 Identify the number of bones: Total - ANSWER- 27 The two portions of the thumb (first digit) are the: - ANSWER- A. Proximal phalanx B. Distal phalanx The three portions of each finger (second through fifth) are the: - ANSWER- A. Proximal phalanx B. Middle phalanx C. Distal phalanx The three parts of each phalanx, starting distally, are the: - ANSWER- A. Head B. Body (shaft) C. Base List the three parts of each metacarpal, starting proximally: - ANSWER- A. Base B. Body (shaft) C. Head The name of the joint between the proximal and distal phalanges of the first digit is the ___________. - ANSWER- Interphalangeal joint The joints between the metacarpals and the phalanges are the _____________________. - ANSWER- Metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints What is the largest of the carpal bones? - ANSWER- Capitate What is the name of the hooklike process extending anteriorly from the hamate? - ANSWER- Hamulus/Hamular process Which is the most commonly fractured carpal bone? - ANSWER- Scaphoid List two of the mnemonics given in the textbook that uses the first letter of each of the preferred terms of the eight carpal bones. - ANSWER- Either of these two mnemonics is acceptable: 1.) Send Letter To Peter To Tell'im (to) Come Home 2.) Steve Left The Party To Take Carol Home A. In the anatomic position, which of the bones of the forearm is located on the lateral (thumb) side? B. Which is on the medial side? - ANSWER- A. Radius B. Ulna Indicate whether the following structures are part of the radius, ulna, or distal humerus: Trochlear notch - ANSWER- Ulnar Indicate whether the following structures are part of the Radius, Ulna, or Distal Humerus: Radial notch - ANSWER- Ulnar Indicate whether the following structures are part of the radius, ulna, or distal humerus: Olecranon fossa - ANSWER- Distal Humerus Indicate whether the following structures are part of the radius, ulna, or distal humerus: Trochlea - ANSWER- Distal Humerus Indicate whether the following structures are part of the radius, ulna, or distal humerus: Coronoid tubercle - ANSWER- Ulnar Indicate whether the following structures are part of the radius, ulna, or distal humerus: Coronoid process - ANSWER- Ulnar Indicate whether the following structures are part of the radius, ulna, or distal humerus: Olecranon process - ANSWER- Ulnar Indicate whether the following structures are part of the radius, ulna, or distal humerus: Coronoid fossa - ANSWER- Distal Humerus Which joint permits the forearm to rotate during pronation? - ANSWER- Proximal radioulnar joint A. The articular portion of the medial aspect of the distal humerus is called the __________. B. The similar structure found on the lateral aspect of the distal humerus is called the _________. - ANSWER- A. Trochlea B. Capitulum The deep depression located on the posterior aspect of the distal humerus is the __________. - ANSWER- Olecranon fossa The criteria for evaluating a true lateral position of the elbow are the appearance of three concentric arcs: A. The first and smallest of the arcs B. The intermediate double arc, consisting of the outer ridges of: (a) The smaller arc (b) The larger arc C. The third arc, which is part of the Ulna - ANSWER- A. Trochlear sulcus (groove) B. (a) Capitulum (b) Trochlea C. Trochlear notch Joint movement type: Interphalangeal - ANSWER- Ginglymus Joint movement type: Carpometacarpal of first digit - ANSWER- Saddle Joint movement type: Elbow joint (humeroulnar and humeroradial) - ANSWER- Ginglymus Joint movement type: Metacarpophalangeal of second to fifth digits - ANSWER- Ellipsoidal Joint movement type: Radiocarpal - ANSWER- Ellipsoidal Joint movement type: Intercarpal - ANSWER- Plane Joint movement type: Elbow joint - ANSWER- Ginglymus Joint movement type: Proximal radioulnar joint - ANSWER- Pivot Ellipsoidal joints are classified as freely movable, or ____________, and allow movement in __________ directions. - ANSWER- diarthrodial; 4 True/False: In addition to the ulnar and radial collateral ligaments, the following five additional ligaments are also important in stabilizing the wrist joint. A. Dorsal radiocarpal B. Palmar radiocarpal C. Triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) D. Scapulolunate E. Lunotriquetral - ANSWER- True Which ligament of the wrist extends from the styloid process of the radius to the lateral aspect of the scaphoid and trapezium bones? - ANSWER- Radial collateral ligament What is the name of the two special turning or bending positions of the hand and wrist that demonstrate medial and lateral aspects of the carpal region? - ANSWER- A. Ulnar Deviation B. Radial Deviation Of the two positions listed in the previous question, which is most commonly performed to detect a fracture of the scaphoid bone? - ANSWER- Ulnar Deviation How does the forearm appear radiographically if pronated for a PA projection? - ANSWER- The proximal radius crosses over the ulna The two important fat stripes or bands around the wrist joint are the: - ANSWER- A. Scaphoid fat stripe B. Pronator fat stripe The fat pads around the elbow joint are valuable diagnostic indicators if the following three technical/positioning requirements are met with the lateral position. - ANSWER- A. Elbow flexed 90 degrees B. Optimal exposure factors used C. In a true lateral position. True/False: If the posterior fat pad of the elbow is not visible radiographically, it suggests that a non-obvious radial head or neck fracture is present. - ANSWER- False True/False: Excessive kV may obscure the visibility of a fat pad - ANSWER- True True/False: Trauma or infection makes the anterior fat pad more difficult to see on a lateral elbow radiograph. - ANSWER- False Which routine projections best demonstrate the scaphoid fat pad? - ANSWER- PA and Oblique wrist Which routine projection best demonstrates the pronator fat stripe? - ANSWER- Lateral wrist Identify the technical factors most commonly used for upper limb radiography: kV range - ANSWER- 60-80 kV Identify the technical factors most commonly used for upper limb radiography: Long or short exposure time - ANSWER- Short exposure time Identify the technical factors most commonly used for upper limb radiography: Large or small focal spot - ANSWER- Small focal spot Identify the technical factors most commonly used for upper limb radiography: Most common minimum SID - ANSWER- 40" (102 cm) Identify the technical factors most commonly used for upper limb radiography: Grids are used if the body part measures greater than ___________ cm - ANSWER- 10 cm Identify the technical factors most commonly used for upper limb radiography: Small-to-medium dry plaster casts, increase - ANSWER- 5-7 kV Identify the technical factors most commonly used for upper limb radiography: Large plaster casts, increase - ANSWER- 8-10 kV Identify the technical factors most commonly used for upper limb radiography: Fiberglass casts, increase - ANSWER- 3-4 kV Identify the technical factors most commonly used for upper limb radiography: Correctly exposed radiographs: Visualize ___________ margins and ___________ markings of all bones - ANSWERsoft tissue; trabecular The general rule for collimation for upper limb radiography states: - ANSWERCollimation borders should be visible on all four sides if the IR is large enough to allow this without cutting off essential anatomy. What are the pertinent factors that help reduce image distortion during upper limb radiography? - ANSWER- A. 40 to 44" SID B. Minimal OID C. Correct CR centering and angulation D. Small focal spot True/False: Lead (protective) shielding is only required for upper limb studies performed on patients who are of childbearing age. - ANSWER- False (a good practice is to provide shielding for all patients) True/False: Guardians of young pediatric patients who are having upper limb studies can be asked to hold their child during the radiographic study. - ANSWER- True - ensure adults are given a lead apron to wear during exposures _____________ is a radiographic procedure that uses contrast media injected into the joint capsule to visualize soft tissue pathology of the wrist, elbow, and shoulder joints. -