NR325 Exam 1

NR325 Exam 1 Insulin - CORRECT ANSWERS Needed for glucose to get inside cell Beta cells - CORRECT ANSWERS Produce insulin in response to elevated glucose Normal A1C - CORRECT ANSWERS <5.7% Pre-diabetes A1C - CORRECT ANSWERS >5.7% <6.5% Diabetic A1C - CORRECT ANSWERS >6.5% Random BS>180 - CORRECT ANSWERS Diabetic Normal pancreas will not allow BS to go higher than 180 HgbA1C - CORRECT ANSWERS 3 month measure of where glucose is Gives providers guideline of diabetic management Life of red blood cell - CORRECT ANSWERS 3 months Gerontologic considerations of DM DM type 1 -- CORRECT ANSWERS Risk increases with age Management is more difficult -arthritis -decreased dexterity -poor eye sight -understanding etc. CORRECT ANSWERS Rapid onset Usually dx by age 21 Peak incidence from 10-15 years DM type 1 ssx - CORRECT ANSWERS Weight loss (altered metabolism) Fatigue Increased frequency of infections (due to increased BS) Insulin dependent Familial tendency Primary clinical manifestations of DM type 1 - CORRECT ANSWERS Polyuria (increased urination) Polydipsia (increased thirst) (cells not getting glucose) Polyphagia (increased hunger) Monitoring blood glucose - CORRECT ANSWERS Assess/evaluate effectiveness of tx Adjusting insulin dose Monitor for hyper/hypoglycemia Maintain BS in therapeuticrange checked 3-4 times per day in type 1 BS therapeutic range - CORRECT ANSWERS 80-100 (ideal) <126 for diabetic HgbA1C <6.5% -Reduces long term side effects of diabetes Insulin pump - CORRECT ANSWERS Only for type 1 DM -Needle is changed Q3 days (can shower with it) -Delivers insulin based on BS to maintain continuously -Contains rapid acting insulin Prediabetes - CORRECT ANSWERS BS higher than normal but not high enough to be diabetes -Some people may have no symptoms Reversing prediabetic process - CORRECT ANSWERS Eat healthy Lose weight Regular exercise Check BS levels regularly Risks for type 2 DM - CORRECT ANSWERS Family history of diabetes >45 years old Race/ethnicity (increased incidence in African American and hispanics) History of GDM Physical inactivity High body fat or body weight High blood pressure High cholesterol Metabolic syndrome - CORRECT ANSWERS Hypertension Obesity High cholesterol Type 2 DM - CORRECT ANSWERS Slow onset Polydipsia Polyuria FBS >126 Recurrent infections Oral hypoglycemic agents - CORRECT ANSWERS Metformin (big