TEST BANK
Leddy & Pepper's Professional Nursing
Lucy J. Hood
10th Edition
,Table of Contents
Chapter 01 The Professional Nurse 1
Chapter 02 The History Behind the Development of Professional Nursing 13
Chapter 03 Contextual, Philosophical, and Ethical Elements of Professional Nursing 24
Chapter 04 Establishing Helping and Healing Relationships 35
Chapter 05 The Health Process and Self-Care of the Nurse 46
Chapter 06 Patterns of Knowing and Nursing Science 55
Chapter 07 Nursing Models and Theories 66
Chapter 08 Professional Nursing Processes 77
Chapter 09 Health Care Delivery Systems 88
Chapter 10 Developing and Using Nursing Knowledge Through Research 99
Chapter 11 Multicultural Issues in Professional Practice 111
Chapter 12 Professional Nurse Accountability 120
Chapter 13 Environmental and Global Health 132
Chapter 14 Informatics and Technology in Nursing Practice 144
Chapter 15 Nursing Approaches to Client Systems 155
Chapter 16 The Professional Nurse's Role in Teaching and Learning 166
Chapter 17 Leadership and Management in Professional Nursing 177
Chapter 18 Quality Improvement Enhancing Patient Safety and Health Care Quality 190
Chapter 19 The Professional Nurse's Role in Public Policy 201
Chapter 20 Career Options for Professional Nurses 210
Chapter 21 Development of a Professional Nursing Career 221
Chapter 22 Shaping the Future of Nursing 232
,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Leddy and Pepper's Professional Nursing, 10th Edition (Hood, 2022)
Chapter 1, The Professional Nurse
1. The nursing director attends a workshop and is presenting information on the ANA's
Nursing's Social Policy Statement (2015b). Which statement regarding the profession of
nursing is included in the publication?
a. Nurses are expected to have the necessary knowledge, skill, and competence to
execute their professional duties.
b. Use public policy of current legislature to shape the future of the nursing
profession.
c. Use scientific knowledge to ration care to those individuals with noncomplex
diagnoses and simple treatment options.
d. Use assessment as the guide in order to treat the full range of human responses
within the physical environment.
ANS: A
Feedback: According to the ANA (2015b) Nursing's Social Policy Statement, nurses are
expected to have the necessary knowledge, skill, and competence to execute their
professional duties. In return, nurses expect society to authorize practice autonomy, extend
self-governance, protect the title of RN and scope of practice, receive respect and fair
remuneration for services, be free to practice nursing to the full extent of educational
preparation, receive support to sustain the nursing profession, and be protected from
hazardous service activities. Shaping the future of nursing is a primary goal of the ANA and
all its efforts. Use of scientific knowledge and assessment are characteristics of the nursing
profession and are included in the nursing process.
PTS: 1 REF: Page and Header: p. 25, Service to Society
OBJ: 5
NAT: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
TOP: Chapter: 1 KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process
BLM: Cognitive Level: Apply NOT: Multiple Choice
2. A nurse who has worked for 15 years in the hospital has an opportunity to attend an
RN-to-BSN program, and the hospital will pay for the cost of tuition if the nurse agrees to
work there for 2 years following graduation. The nurse has accepted and is in the first term
at the local college. If the nurse wants to work on critical and reflective thinking skills,
which activity should the nurse focus on developing?
a. Reading a chapter on “Care of the Cardiac Patient”
b. Speaking to the nurses on the clinical unit
c. Listening to family as they share the client's story
d. Writing a paper on nursing for the palliative client
ANS: D
Feedback: Writing requires nurses to use critical and reflective thinking. Speaking enables
the nurse to develop skills to communicate effectively verbally with clients as well as
colleagues. Listening enables thought organization. Reading stimulates the release of
neurotrophins, strengthening neural pathways.
PTS: 1 REF: Page and Header: p. 11, Writing OBJ: 4
NAT: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity: Psychosocial Integrity
______________________________________________________________________________________________
1|Page
,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Leddy and Pepper's Professional Nursing, 10th Edition (Hood, 2022)
TOP: Chapter: 1 KEY: Integrated Process: Communication
BLM: Cognitive Level: Apply NOT: Multiple Choice
3. A nurse in the long-term care facility has decided to return to nursing school to earn a higher
degree. The nurse is full of positive thoughts and energy when contemplates all the new
things to learn. According to Shane's returning-to-school syndrome, which phase is this
nurse experiencing?
a. Conflict phase
b. Reintegration phase
c. Integration phase
d. Honeymoon phase
ANS: D
Feedback: Shane describes a “returning-to-school syndrome” encountered by registered
nurses returning to earn higher nursing degrees. The first phase, the honeymoon, is positive
and the nurse recognizes similarities between previous educational experiences and the
present experiences that reinforce their original role identity as a nurse. As a result, the nurse
feels energetic about learning new things. The conflict phase is characterized by turbulent
negative emotions when faculty members challenge the nurse to change ways of thinking
and/or practicing. Phase 3, or reintegration, identifies the successful resolution of conflict. In
this stage, nurses struggle to hold on to cherished beliefs about practice and frequently
wonder why they decided to pursue a higher degree. The final stage, integration, is
characterized by the ability to blend the original culture of work with the new culture of
school. Integration of the old with the new results in a positive resolution of the
returning-to-school syndrome but occurs later in the process.
PTS: 1
REF: Page and Header: p. 15, Shane’s Returning-to-School Syndrome
OBJ: 4 NAT: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity: Psychosocial Integrity
TOP: Chapter: 1 KEY: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
BLM: Cognitive Level: Apply NOT: Multiple Choice
4. A student nurse, who is in the second semester of nursing school, is experiencing an
unsettled feeling. The nurse notes a lack of confidence in knowing how to act or what
questions to ask. According to Bridges' Managing Transitions theory, what phase of
transition is this student experiencing?
a. New beginning
b. Neutral zone
c. Transition one
d. Letting go
ANS: B
Feedback: The second phase that Bridges calls “the neutral zone” is when the old identity
has vanished but the new one is not fully developed. In this phase, people experience a very
unsettled feeling because they may not know how to act or what questions to ask. A new
beginning is the third phase and is characterized by a new mental image or experience
hallmarked by “a release of new energy in a new direction.” A transition is the
psychological adaptation that occurs and is not part of the phases. Letting go is the first
phase of the process and requires letting go of the old identity.
______________________________________________________________________________________________
2|Page
,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Leddy and Pepper's Professional Nursing, 10th Edition (Hood, 2022)
PTS: 1 REF: Page and Header: p. 16, Bridges’ Managing Transitions
OBJ: 4 NAT: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity: Psychosocial Integrity
TOP: Chapter: 1 KEY: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
BLM: Cognitive Level: Apply NOT: Multiple Choice
5. A nurse returns to school to complete an advanced nursing degree and is finding it difficult
to meet all expectations of daily life. The nurse is a new parent, a student, a spouse, and a
full-time employee. The nurse is experiencing what type of issue?
a. Value conflict
b. Behavioral conflict
c. Role conflict
d. Attitude conflict
ANS: C
Feedback: Role conflict arises when roles assumed by a person compete with each other for
time and attention. The newly acquired student role competes with other roles because of
school demands. Roles contain three pieces: values, attitudes, and behaviors. Therefore,
behavioral conflict, role conflict, and attitude conflict are incorrect, because all three are
parts of a role and must be present to have conflict.
PTS: 1 REF: Page and Header: p. 13, Managing Personal Time
OBJ: 3 NAT: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity: Psychosocial Integrity
TOP: Chapter: 1 KEY: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
BLM: Cognitive Level: Apply NOT: Multiple Choice
6. The characteristics of a profession are many, and nursing is delineated as an emerging
profession. This delineation exists because of the absence of which characteristic?
a. Use of a specialized database
b. Standardized educational entry
c. Specialized competencies
d. Autonomy and control over work
ANS: B
Feedback: Nursing is characterized as an emerging profession due to the fact that the
standardized educational level is absent in that there are three levels considered to be
acceptable entry. These include associate degree, baccalaureate degree, and diploma
programs. Nursing uses a specialized database, specialized competencies, and autonomy and
control over work.
PTS: 1 REF: Page and Header: p. 18, Characteristics of a Profession
OBJ: 8
NAT: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
TOP: Chapter: 1 KEY: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
BLM: Cognitive Level: Understand NOT: Multiple Choice
7. A nurse works in the medical-surgical unit of a suburban hospital and is taking care of a
client who has many complex physiologic processes going on at the same time. The nurse
exhibits flexibility, inquisitiveness, and open mindedness in caring for the client as their
condition changes from day-to-day. The nurse is primarily exhibiting which type of
thinking?
______________________________________________________________________________________________
3|Page
,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Leddy and Pepper's Professional Nursing, 10th Edition (Hood, 2022)
a. Critical thinking
b. Creative thinking
c. Reflective thinking
d. Independent thinking
ANS: A
Feedback: Critical thinking imposes standards and prevents illogical thinking. As critical
thinkers, nurses “exhibit these habits of mind: confidence, contextual perspective, creativity,
flexibility, inquisitiveness, intellectual integrity, intuition, open-mindedness, perseverance,
and reflection.” Creative thinking requires an ability to think outside what usually is done
and results in novel approaches to client care and is considered a component of critical
thinking, but is not all inclusive. Reflective thinking is purposeful analysis about what one is
currently doing and about what one has done. Independent thinking is utilizing knowledge
to make decisions independently without being instructed on what to do.
PTS: 1
REF: Page and Header: p. 24, Using Knowledge by Thinking Critically
OBJ: 8 NAT: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity: Psychosocial Integrity
TOP: Chapter: 1 KEY: Integrated Process: Teaching and Learning
BLM: Cognitive Level: Apply NOT: Multiple Choice
8. A nursing student is in the senior semester of nursing school. In addition to going to clinical
sessions, didactic lectures, and applying for nursing positions, the student is reviewing for
the NCLEX exam. Which of these intellectual characteristics of a nursing student is
involved with licensure?
a. Specialized education
b. Body of knowledge
c. The ability to think critically
d. The ability to manage colleagues
ANS: A
Feedback: The National Council of State Boards of Nursing coordinates efforts to license
registered and practical nurses by providing testing that measures minimal competence for
safe professional nursing practice. As a result, specialized education is the correct answer.
Examination content includes health promotion, pharmacotherapeutics, nursing assessment,
clinical decision making, nursing interventions, and evaluating client-care outcomes. The
body of knowledge is incorrect because the knowledge and skills derived from a liberal arts
education enhance the nurse's ability to adapt knowledge and skills to novel situations
through the use of global rather than narrow thinking. However, the body of knowledge
does not relate to the licensure examination independent of specialized education. The
ability to think critically is part of the intellectual characteristics that are necessary for
nurses to utilize knowledge outside the nursing profession and apply it to clients; however,
the ability to think critically is not involved with licensure as the specialized education
component is. The ability to manage others is not indicative of licensure.
PTS: 1 REF: Page and Header: p. 21, Specialized Plan of Formal Education
OBJ: 2
NAT: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
TOP: Chapter: 1 KEY: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
BLM: Cognitive Level: Apply NOT: Multiple Choice
______________________________________________________________________________________________
4|Page
,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Leddy and Pepper's Professional Nursing, 10th Edition (Hood, 2022)
9. In order to attain professional status, which nursing role will nursing personnel need to be
performing on a regular basis?
a. Work individually to showcase contributions to society.
b. Maintain three levels of education for nurses collectively.
c. Work together to collaborate through professional organizations.
d. Ethically maintain standards of care for clients.
ANS: C
Feedback: When nurses learn to work together to collaborate collectively through nursing
professional organizations, their voices will be united, making nursing more of a profession.
Showcasing of contributions must be done collectively, not individually, for nursing to
become a profession. Maintaining three levels of education continues to cause confusion
with nursing roles and devalues the professional's compensation when compared with other
health care workers. Nurses continually maintain ethical standards of care no matter the
educational level at which they enter the profession or whether they unite in voice.
PTS: 1
REF: Page and Header: p. 29, A Collegial Subculture (Accrediting, Professional, and
Student Nursing Organizations) OBJ: 7
NAT: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
TOP: Chapter: 1 KEY: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
BLM: Cognitive Level: Understand NOT: Multiple Choice
10. A nurse enters the room of a client and teaches about pain medication while simultaneously
relieving stress with therapeutic massage. The nurse is also able to determine what theories
pertain to the nursing actions. Which type of thinking is the nurse exhibiting while
providing care for this client?
a. Independent thinking
b. Critical thinking
c. Reflective thinking
d. Creative thinking
ANS: C
Feedback: Reflective thinking is engaging in purposeful analysis about what one is currently
doing and about what one has done. Reflection in action occurs when nurses think about
theoretical and scientific principles while delivering client care, and reflection on action
occurs when the professional practitioner conducts a retrospective analysis of action taken.
Independent thinking occurs when making a decision and is not based on what others say is
the correct way to approach a situation. Instead, it is independently performed by the nurse
based upon an ability to gather more information to make a better decision. Critical thinking
involves imposing standards and prevents illogical thinking, which still can occur with
reflective thinking. Creative thinking identifies alternative approaches to clinical situations,
and while the nurse can use this technique also, the reflection on the process and the use of
the techniques is what differentiates reflective from critical thinking.
PTS: 1 REF: Page and Header: p. 24, Reflective Thinking
OBJ: 1 NAT: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity: Psychosocial Integrity
TOP: Chapter: 1 KEY: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
BLM: Cognitive Level: Apply NOT: Multiple Choice
______________________________________________________________________________________________
5|Page
,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Leddy and Pepper's Professional Nursing, 10th Edition (Hood, 2022)
11. A staff nurse is providing education to the unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) on the unit
about safe gowning and gloving when caring for clients with MRSA. Which role will the
staff nurse undertake when providing this education?
a. Caregiver
b. Teacher
c. Coordinator
d. Counselor
ANS: B
Feedback: Nurses assume the role of teacher when providing education to UAP, clients,
family members, students, each other, and interprofessional colleagues. Nurses accept the
role of coordinator when assuming supervisory and managerial responsibilities. Nurses
serve as caregivers when providing direct client care. Nurses also act as counselors,
providing emotional and spiritual support to clients; however, nurse managers routinely do
not do this role for clients.
PTS: 1
REF: Page and Header: p. 9, The Multiple Roles of the Professional Nurse
OBJ: 3
NAT: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Safety and Infection Control
TOP: Chapter: 1 KEY: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
BLM: Cognitive Level: Apply NOT: Multiple Choice
12. While working on a busy medical unit, an assistant nurse manager has noted an increase in
the number of fall incidents. After reviewing the documentation, it appears most falls occur
soon before lunch when clients are going to the bathroom. The nurse shares this information
with the UAP and asks them to assist clients more at this time. Which domain in the
Professional Nurse Contributions model does this represent?
a. Cognitive
b. Behavioral
c. Affective
d. Psychomotor
ANS: A
Feedback: The cognitive domain allows the nurse to think and rationally make decisions
based upon knowledge, implementing actions with sound reason and communicating those
actions to the health care team. Caring, compassion, and commitment are key affective
domains for optimal professional nursing that are intricately linked and comprise the outer
circle of the model; neither the psychomotor domain nor the behavioral domain is the
correct domain.
PTS: 1
REF: Page and Header: p. 7, Core Competencies for Professional Nurses
OBJ: 2
NAT: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance: Health Promotion and
Maintenance TOP: Chapter: 1 KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process
BLM: Cognitive Level: Apply NOT: Multiple Choice
______________________________________________________________________________________________
6|Page
,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Leddy and Pepper's Professional Nursing, 10th Edition (Hood, 2022)
13. After a nursing student does poorly on a test, the student's professor requests a conference to
discuss the matter. During the discussion, the student comments, “I didn't have time to read
all those chapters.” While discussing strategies to help with reading effectiveness, the
professor suggests that after reading a passage, the student should take a break and do which
activity?
a. Paraphrase the major concepts they just read.
b. Listen to classical music.
c. Visit with their peers about their study habits.
d. Get a caffeinated beverage.
ANS: A
Feedback: Reading constitutes a major component of a successful education experience.
Effective reading skills streamline the study process. Strategies to develop reading
effectiveness and efficiency include reading for general understanding of ideas, using
learning outcomes to identify key concepts, taking notes while reading, highlighting key
points, and taking brief reading breaks between major headings within a chapter. During
reading breaks, some students find it beneficial to paraphrase what has been read. Effective
speaking and listening skills are essential to success. Writing is a critical skill for
educational and career success.
PTS: 1 REF: Page and Header: p. 10, Reading, Listening, and Speaking
OBJ: 4
NAT: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
TOP: Chapter: 1 KEY: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
BLM: Cognitive Level: Apply NOT: Multiple Choice
14. A professional nurse is trying to locate information about a disease process and is evaluating
online information. Which question should the nurse ask to identify the authority of the
online information?
a. “Is the information error free and consistent?”
b. “Does the information conflict with known scientific information?”
c. “Is there a way to contact the author(s)?”
d. “Are the initial posting dates and updates present?”
ANS: C
Feedback: Authority is assessed by “Is there a way to contact author(s)?” Accuracy is
assessed by asking “Is the information error free and consistent?” and “Does the information
conflict with known scientific information?” Currency is assessed by “Are the initial posting
dates and updates presented?”
PTS: 1
REF: Page and Header: p. 11, Writing; p. 12, Table 1.2 Guidelines for Evaluating Online
Information OBJ: 1
NAT: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Safety and Infection Control
TOP: Chapter: 1 KEY: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
BLM: Cognitive Level: Apply NOT: Multiple Choice
______________________________________________________________________________________________
7|Page
, ______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Leddy and Pepper's Professional Nursing, 10th Edition (Hood, 2022)
15. A graduate nurse is working on a busy inpatient medical floor. The nurse has been taught to
do a central catheter dressing change one way but cannot handle changing the procedure to
accommodate the supplies that are readily available. In addition, the nurse will not go to
lunch until all charting is complete since “Those are the rules.” According to Benner's
Novice-to-Expert Model, in which stage of the model is the nurse currently performing?
a. Expert practitioner
b. Novice practitioner
c. Advanced beginner
d. Competent practitioner
ANS: B
Feedback: A novice practitioner is inflexible and exhibits rule-governed behavior. The
expert practitioner is achieved only after extensive experience. The advanced beginner can
formulate principles for actions, but because all actions are viewed as equally important,
help is needed for priority setting. The competent practitioner, who has reached stage three,
typically has worked in the same setting for 2 to 3 years and typically must think about what
can be done before acting in novel or chaotic situations.
PTS: 1 REF: Page and Header: p. 17, Benner’s Novice-to-Expert Model
OBJ: 5
NAT: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
TOP: Chapter: 1 KEY: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
BLM: Cognitive Level: Apply NOT: Multiple Choice
16. Professional nursing practice has an element of unpredictability and disorder that is
conceptualized as chaos. Which client scenario provides the best example of this
observation?
a. An ICU nurse implementing the use of prone positioning for ventilator clients as a
new mechanism to prevent pneumonia
b. Ensuring every unresponsive client is turned every 2 hours as prescribed
c. Assisting the UAP with their morning rounds and checking blood glucose levels
before breakfast
d. Calling security to assist with an overdose client who will not follow orders to stay
in their room
ANS: A
Feedback: Nurses frequently encounter complicated client situations and must adapt to
change as new scientific evidence emerges and client conditions fluctuate. Professional
nursing practice has an element of unpredictability and disorder that is conceptualized as
chaos. Nurses continuously make complex and multiple decisions and may bring order in
today's clinical environments. A good example of this is the use of prone positioning for
ventilator clients to prevent pneumonia. Routinely turning unresponsive clients has been the
standard practice for many years. Assisting UAPs with tasks and calling security would not
be considered a pattern of chaos, which nurses must adapt to in the ever- changing, complex
and chaotic environment.
PTS: 1
REF: Page and Header: p. 5, Characteristics of Professional Nursing Practice: The Hood
Professional Nurse Contributions Model OBJ: 1
NAT: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
______________________________________________________________________________________________
8|Page
Leddy & Pepper's Professional Nursing
Lucy J. Hood
10th Edition
,Table of Contents
Chapter 01 The Professional Nurse 1
Chapter 02 The History Behind the Development of Professional Nursing 13
Chapter 03 Contextual, Philosophical, and Ethical Elements of Professional Nursing 24
Chapter 04 Establishing Helping and Healing Relationships 35
Chapter 05 The Health Process and Self-Care of the Nurse 46
Chapter 06 Patterns of Knowing and Nursing Science 55
Chapter 07 Nursing Models and Theories 66
Chapter 08 Professional Nursing Processes 77
Chapter 09 Health Care Delivery Systems 88
Chapter 10 Developing and Using Nursing Knowledge Through Research 99
Chapter 11 Multicultural Issues in Professional Practice 111
Chapter 12 Professional Nurse Accountability 120
Chapter 13 Environmental and Global Health 132
Chapter 14 Informatics and Technology in Nursing Practice 144
Chapter 15 Nursing Approaches to Client Systems 155
Chapter 16 The Professional Nurse's Role in Teaching and Learning 166
Chapter 17 Leadership and Management in Professional Nursing 177
Chapter 18 Quality Improvement Enhancing Patient Safety and Health Care Quality 190
Chapter 19 The Professional Nurse's Role in Public Policy 201
Chapter 20 Career Options for Professional Nurses 210
Chapter 21 Development of a Professional Nursing Career 221
Chapter 22 Shaping the Future of Nursing 232
,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Leddy and Pepper's Professional Nursing, 10th Edition (Hood, 2022)
Chapter 1, The Professional Nurse
1. The nursing director attends a workshop and is presenting information on the ANA's
Nursing's Social Policy Statement (2015b). Which statement regarding the profession of
nursing is included in the publication?
a. Nurses are expected to have the necessary knowledge, skill, and competence to
execute their professional duties.
b. Use public policy of current legislature to shape the future of the nursing
profession.
c. Use scientific knowledge to ration care to those individuals with noncomplex
diagnoses and simple treatment options.
d. Use assessment as the guide in order to treat the full range of human responses
within the physical environment.
ANS: A
Feedback: According to the ANA (2015b) Nursing's Social Policy Statement, nurses are
expected to have the necessary knowledge, skill, and competence to execute their
professional duties. In return, nurses expect society to authorize practice autonomy, extend
self-governance, protect the title of RN and scope of practice, receive respect and fair
remuneration for services, be free to practice nursing to the full extent of educational
preparation, receive support to sustain the nursing profession, and be protected from
hazardous service activities. Shaping the future of nursing is a primary goal of the ANA and
all its efforts. Use of scientific knowledge and assessment are characteristics of the nursing
profession and are included in the nursing process.
PTS: 1 REF: Page and Header: p. 25, Service to Society
OBJ: 5
NAT: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
TOP: Chapter: 1 KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process
BLM: Cognitive Level: Apply NOT: Multiple Choice
2. A nurse who has worked for 15 years in the hospital has an opportunity to attend an
RN-to-BSN program, and the hospital will pay for the cost of tuition if the nurse agrees to
work there for 2 years following graduation. The nurse has accepted and is in the first term
at the local college. If the nurse wants to work on critical and reflective thinking skills,
which activity should the nurse focus on developing?
a. Reading a chapter on “Care of the Cardiac Patient”
b. Speaking to the nurses on the clinical unit
c. Listening to family as they share the client's story
d. Writing a paper on nursing for the palliative client
ANS: D
Feedback: Writing requires nurses to use critical and reflective thinking. Speaking enables
the nurse to develop skills to communicate effectively verbally with clients as well as
colleagues. Listening enables thought organization. Reading stimulates the release of
neurotrophins, strengthening neural pathways.
PTS: 1 REF: Page and Header: p. 11, Writing OBJ: 4
NAT: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity: Psychosocial Integrity
______________________________________________________________________________________________
1|Page
,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Leddy and Pepper's Professional Nursing, 10th Edition (Hood, 2022)
TOP: Chapter: 1 KEY: Integrated Process: Communication
BLM: Cognitive Level: Apply NOT: Multiple Choice
3. A nurse in the long-term care facility has decided to return to nursing school to earn a higher
degree. The nurse is full of positive thoughts and energy when contemplates all the new
things to learn. According to Shane's returning-to-school syndrome, which phase is this
nurse experiencing?
a. Conflict phase
b. Reintegration phase
c. Integration phase
d. Honeymoon phase
ANS: D
Feedback: Shane describes a “returning-to-school syndrome” encountered by registered
nurses returning to earn higher nursing degrees. The first phase, the honeymoon, is positive
and the nurse recognizes similarities between previous educational experiences and the
present experiences that reinforce their original role identity as a nurse. As a result, the nurse
feels energetic about learning new things. The conflict phase is characterized by turbulent
negative emotions when faculty members challenge the nurse to change ways of thinking
and/or practicing. Phase 3, or reintegration, identifies the successful resolution of conflict. In
this stage, nurses struggle to hold on to cherished beliefs about practice and frequently
wonder why they decided to pursue a higher degree. The final stage, integration, is
characterized by the ability to blend the original culture of work with the new culture of
school. Integration of the old with the new results in a positive resolution of the
returning-to-school syndrome but occurs later in the process.
PTS: 1
REF: Page and Header: p. 15, Shane’s Returning-to-School Syndrome
OBJ: 4 NAT: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity: Psychosocial Integrity
TOP: Chapter: 1 KEY: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
BLM: Cognitive Level: Apply NOT: Multiple Choice
4. A student nurse, who is in the second semester of nursing school, is experiencing an
unsettled feeling. The nurse notes a lack of confidence in knowing how to act or what
questions to ask. According to Bridges' Managing Transitions theory, what phase of
transition is this student experiencing?
a. New beginning
b. Neutral zone
c. Transition one
d. Letting go
ANS: B
Feedback: The second phase that Bridges calls “the neutral zone” is when the old identity
has vanished but the new one is not fully developed. In this phase, people experience a very
unsettled feeling because they may not know how to act or what questions to ask. A new
beginning is the third phase and is characterized by a new mental image or experience
hallmarked by “a release of new energy in a new direction.” A transition is the
psychological adaptation that occurs and is not part of the phases. Letting go is the first
phase of the process and requires letting go of the old identity.
______________________________________________________________________________________________
2|Page
,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Leddy and Pepper's Professional Nursing, 10th Edition (Hood, 2022)
PTS: 1 REF: Page and Header: p. 16, Bridges’ Managing Transitions
OBJ: 4 NAT: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity: Psychosocial Integrity
TOP: Chapter: 1 KEY: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
BLM: Cognitive Level: Apply NOT: Multiple Choice
5. A nurse returns to school to complete an advanced nursing degree and is finding it difficult
to meet all expectations of daily life. The nurse is a new parent, a student, a spouse, and a
full-time employee. The nurse is experiencing what type of issue?
a. Value conflict
b. Behavioral conflict
c. Role conflict
d. Attitude conflict
ANS: C
Feedback: Role conflict arises when roles assumed by a person compete with each other for
time and attention. The newly acquired student role competes with other roles because of
school demands. Roles contain three pieces: values, attitudes, and behaviors. Therefore,
behavioral conflict, role conflict, and attitude conflict are incorrect, because all three are
parts of a role and must be present to have conflict.
PTS: 1 REF: Page and Header: p. 13, Managing Personal Time
OBJ: 3 NAT: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity: Psychosocial Integrity
TOP: Chapter: 1 KEY: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
BLM: Cognitive Level: Apply NOT: Multiple Choice
6. The characteristics of a profession are many, and nursing is delineated as an emerging
profession. This delineation exists because of the absence of which characteristic?
a. Use of a specialized database
b. Standardized educational entry
c. Specialized competencies
d. Autonomy and control over work
ANS: B
Feedback: Nursing is characterized as an emerging profession due to the fact that the
standardized educational level is absent in that there are three levels considered to be
acceptable entry. These include associate degree, baccalaureate degree, and diploma
programs. Nursing uses a specialized database, specialized competencies, and autonomy and
control over work.
PTS: 1 REF: Page and Header: p. 18, Characteristics of a Profession
OBJ: 8
NAT: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
TOP: Chapter: 1 KEY: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
BLM: Cognitive Level: Understand NOT: Multiple Choice
7. A nurse works in the medical-surgical unit of a suburban hospital and is taking care of a
client who has many complex physiologic processes going on at the same time. The nurse
exhibits flexibility, inquisitiveness, and open mindedness in caring for the client as their
condition changes from day-to-day. The nurse is primarily exhibiting which type of
thinking?
______________________________________________________________________________________________
3|Page
,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Leddy and Pepper's Professional Nursing, 10th Edition (Hood, 2022)
a. Critical thinking
b. Creative thinking
c. Reflective thinking
d. Independent thinking
ANS: A
Feedback: Critical thinking imposes standards and prevents illogical thinking. As critical
thinkers, nurses “exhibit these habits of mind: confidence, contextual perspective, creativity,
flexibility, inquisitiveness, intellectual integrity, intuition, open-mindedness, perseverance,
and reflection.” Creative thinking requires an ability to think outside what usually is done
and results in novel approaches to client care and is considered a component of critical
thinking, but is not all inclusive. Reflective thinking is purposeful analysis about what one is
currently doing and about what one has done. Independent thinking is utilizing knowledge
to make decisions independently without being instructed on what to do.
PTS: 1
REF: Page and Header: p. 24, Using Knowledge by Thinking Critically
OBJ: 8 NAT: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity: Psychosocial Integrity
TOP: Chapter: 1 KEY: Integrated Process: Teaching and Learning
BLM: Cognitive Level: Apply NOT: Multiple Choice
8. A nursing student is in the senior semester of nursing school. In addition to going to clinical
sessions, didactic lectures, and applying for nursing positions, the student is reviewing for
the NCLEX exam. Which of these intellectual characteristics of a nursing student is
involved with licensure?
a. Specialized education
b. Body of knowledge
c. The ability to think critically
d. The ability to manage colleagues
ANS: A
Feedback: The National Council of State Boards of Nursing coordinates efforts to license
registered and practical nurses by providing testing that measures minimal competence for
safe professional nursing practice. As a result, specialized education is the correct answer.
Examination content includes health promotion, pharmacotherapeutics, nursing assessment,
clinical decision making, nursing interventions, and evaluating client-care outcomes. The
body of knowledge is incorrect because the knowledge and skills derived from a liberal arts
education enhance the nurse's ability to adapt knowledge and skills to novel situations
through the use of global rather than narrow thinking. However, the body of knowledge
does not relate to the licensure examination independent of specialized education. The
ability to think critically is part of the intellectual characteristics that are necessary for
nurses to utilize knowledge outside the nursing profession and apply it to clients; however,
the ability to think critically is not involved with licensure as the specialized education
component is. The ability to manage others is not indicative of licensure.
PTS: 1 REF: Page and Header: p. 21, Specialized Plan of Formal Education
OBJ: 2
NAT: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
TOP: Chapter: 1 KEY: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
BLM: Cognitive Level: Apply NOT: Multiple Choice
______________________________________________________________________________________________
4|Page
,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Leddy and Pepper's Professional Nursing, 10th Edition (Hood, 2022)
9. In order to attain professional status, which nursing role will nursing personnel need to be
performing on a regular basis?
a. Work individually to showcase contributions to society.
b. Maintain three levels of education for nurses collectively.
c. Work together to collaborate through professional organizations.
d. Ethically maintain standards of care for clients.
ANS: C
Feedback: When nurses learn to work together to collaborate collectively through nursing
professional organizations, their voices will be united, making nursing more of a profession.
Showcasing of contributions must be done collectively, not individually, for nursing to
become a profession. Maintaining three levels of education continues to cause confusion
with nursing roles and devalues the professional's compensation when compared with other
health care workers. Nurses continually maintain ethical standards of care no matter the
educational level at which they enter the profession or whether they unite in voice.
PTS: 1
REF: Page and Header: p. 29, A Collegial Subculture (Accrediting, Professional, and
Student Nursing Organizations) OBJ: 7
NAT: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
TOP: Chapter: 1 KEY: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
BLM: Cognitive Level: Understand NOT: Multiple Choice
10. A nurse enters the room of a client and teaches about pain medication while simultaneously
relieving stress with therapeutic massage. The nurse is also able to determine what theories
pertain to the nursing actions. Which type of thinking is the nurse exhibiting while
providing care for this client?
a. Independent thinking
b. Critical thinking
c. Reflective thinking
d. Creative thinking
ANS: C
Feedback: Reflective thinking is engaging in purposeful analysis about what one is currently
doing and about what one has done. Reflection in action occurs when nurses think about
theoretical and scientific principles while delivering client care, and reflection on action
occurs when the professional practitioner conducts a retrospective analysis of action taken.
Independent thinking occurs when making a decision and is not based on what others say is
the correct way to approach a situation. Instead, it is independently performed by the nurse
based upon an ability to gather more information to make a better decision. Critical thinking
involves imposing standards and prevents illogical thinking, which still can occur with
reflective thinking. Creative thinking identifies alternative approaches to clinical situations,
and while the nurse can use this technique also, the reflection on the process and the use of
the techniques is what differentiates reflective from critical thinking.
PTS: 1 REF: Page and Header: p. 24, Reflective Thinking
OBJ: 1 NAT: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity: Psychosocial Integrity
TOP: Chapter: 1 KEY: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
BLM: Cognitive Level: Apply NOT: Multiple Choice
______________________________________________________________________________________________
5|Page
,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Leddy and Pepper's Professional Nursing, 10th Edition (Hood, 2022)
11. A staff nurse is providing education to the unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) on the unit
about safe gowning and gloving when caring for clients with MRSA. Which role will the
staff nurse undertake when providing this education?
a. Caregiver
b. Teacher
c. Coordinator
d. Counselor
ANS: B
Feedback: Nurses assume the role of teacher when providing education to UAP, clients,
family members, students, each other, and interprofessional colleagues. Nurses accept the
role of coordinator when assuming supervisory and managerial responsibilities. Nurses
serve as caregivers when providing direct client care. Nurses also act as counselors,
providing emotional and spiritual support to clients; however, nurse managers routinely do
not do this role for clients.
PTS: 1
REF: Page and Header: p. 9, The Multiple Roles of the Professional Nurse
OBJ: 3
NAT: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Safety and Infection Control
TOP: Chapter: 1 KEY: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
BLM: Cognitive Level: Apply NOT: Multiple Choice
12. While working on a busy medical unit, an assistant nurse manager has noted an increase in
the number of fall incidents. After reviewing the documentation, it appears most falls occur
soon before lunch when clients are going to the bathroom. The nurse shares this information
with the UAP and asks them to assist clients more at this time. Which domain in the
Professional Nurse Contributions model does this represent?
a. Cognitive
b. Behavioral
c. Affective
d. Psychomotor
ANS: A
Feedback: The cognitive domain allows the nurse to think and rationally make decisions
based upon knowledge, implementing actions with sound reason and communicating those
actions to the health care team. Caring, compassion, and commitment are key affective
domains for optimal professional nursing that are intricately linked and comprise the outer
circle of the model; neither the psychomotor domain nor the behavioral domain is the
correct domain.
PTS: 1
REF: Page and Header: p. 7, Core Competencies for Professional Nurses
OBJ: 2
NAT: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance: Health Promotion and
Maintenance TOP: Chapter: 1 KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process
BLM: Cognitive Level: Apply NOT: Multiple Choice
______________________________________________________________________________________________
6|Page
,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Leddy and Pepper's Professional Nursing, 10th Edition (Hood, 2022)
13. After a nursing student does poorly on a test, the student's professor requests a conference to
discuss the matter. During the discussion, the student comments, “I didn't have time to read
all those chapters.” While discussing strategies to help with reading effectiveness, the
professor suggests that after reading a passage, the student should take a break and do which
activity?
a. Paraphrase the major concepts they just read.
b. Listen to classical music.
c. Visit with their peers about their study habits.
d. Get a caffeinated beverage.
ANS: A
Feedback: Reading constitutes a major component of a successful education experience.
Effective reading skills streamline the study process. Strategies to develop reading
effectiveness and efficiency include reading for general understanding of ideas, using
learning outcomes to identify key concepts, taking notes while reading, highlighting key
points, and taking brief reading breaks between major headings within a chapter. During
reading breaks, some students find it beneficial to paraphrase what has been read. Effective
speaking and listening skills are essential to success. Writing is a critical skill for
educational and career success.
PTS: 1 REF: Page and Header: p. 10, Reading, Listening, and Speaking
OBJ: 4
NAT: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
TOP: Chapter: 1 KEY: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
BLM: Cognitive Level: Apply NOT: Multiple Choice
14. A professional nurse is trying to locate information about a disease process and is evaluating
online information. Which question should the nurse ask to identify the authority of the
online information?
a. “Is the information error free and consistent?”
b. “Does the information conflict with known scientific information?”
c. “Is there a way to contact the author(s)?”
d. “Are the initial posting dates and updates present?”
ANS: C
Feedback: Authority is assessed by “Is there a way to contact author(s)?” Accuracy is
assessed by asking “Is the information error free and consistent?” and “Does the information
conflict with known scientific information?” Currency is assessed by “Are the initial posting
dates and updates presented?”
PTS: 1
REF: Page and Header: p. 11, Writing; p. 12, Table 1.2 Guidelines for Evaluating Online
Information OBJ: 1
NAT: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Safety and Infection Control
TOP: Chapter: 1 KEY: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
BLM: Cognitive Level: Apply NOT: Multiple Choice
______________________________________________________________________________________________
7|Page
, ______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Leddy and Pepper's Professional Nursing, 10th Edition (Hood, 2022)
15. A graduate nurse is working on a busy inpatient medical floor. The nurse has been taught to
do a central catheter dressing change one way but cannot handle changing the procedure to
accommodate the supplies that are readily available. In addition, the nurse will not go to
lunch until all charting is complete since “Those are the rules.” According to Benner's
Novice-to-Expert Model, in which stage of the model is the nurse currently performing?
a. Expert practitioner
b. Novice practitioner
c. Advanced beginner
d. Competent practitioner
ANS: B
Feedback: A novice practitioner is inflexible and exhibits rule-governed behavior. The
expert practitioner is achieved only after extensive experience. The advanced beginner can
formulate principles for actions, but because all actions are viewed as equally important,
help is needed for priority setting. The competent practitioner, who has reached stage three,
typically has worked in the same setting for 2 to 3 years and typically must think about what
can be done before acting in novel or chaotic situations.
PTS: 1 REF: Page and Header: p. 17, Benner’s Novice-to-Expert Model
OBJ: 5
NAT: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
TOP: Chapter: 1 KEY: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
BLM: Cognitive Level: Apply NOT: Multiple Choice
16. Professional nursing practice has an element of unpredictability and disorder that is
conceptualized as chaos. Which client scenario provides the best example of this
observation?
a. An ICU nurse implementing the use of prone positioning for ventilator clients as a
new mechanism to prevent pneumonia
b. Ensuring every unresponsive client is turned every 2 hours as prescribed
c. Assisting the UAP with their morning rounds and checking blood glucose levels
before breakfast
d. Calling security to assist with an overdose client who will not follow orders to stay
in their room
ANS: A
Feedback: Nurses frequently encounter complicated client situations and must adapt to
change as new scientific evidence emerges and client conditions fluctuate. Professional
nursing practice has an element of unpredictability and disorder that is conceptualized as
chaos. Nurses continuously make complex and multiple decisions and may bring order in
today's clinical environments. A good example of this is the use of prone positioning for
ventilator clients to prevent pneumonia. Routinely turning unresponsive clients has been the
standard practice for many years. Assisting UAPs with tasks and calling security would not
be considered a pattern of chaos, which nurses must adapt to in the ever- changing, complex
and chaotic environment.
PTS: 1
REF: Page and Header: p. 5, Characteristics of Professional Nursing Practice: The Hood
Professional Nurse Contributions Model OBJ: 1
NAT: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
______________________________________________________________________________________________
8|Page
