BIOS 242 Exam 2 (2023/2024) Rated A+

BIOS 242 Exam 2 (2023/2024) Rated A+ Organic Nutrient An organism that contains carbon and hydrogen Inorganic Nutrient An organism that does not contan carbon and hydrogen Phototroph An organism that gains energy from light through photosynthesis Heterotroph An organism that must obtain carbon in an organic form - they are dependent on other life forms Chemotroph An organism that gains energy from chemical compounds - this means they eat things. Harvesting energy from the things they eat. Autotroph An organism that gets its source of carbon from carbon dioxide an iorganic carbon source - referred to as the "self feeder"; They are NOT nutritionally dependent on other living things Photoautotroph An organism that gains its energy from light rays and its carbon source from CO2 in the air Examples of a photoautotroph? Photosynthetic organisms - algae, plants, Cyanobacteria What kind of organism is the basis of most food webs? Photoautotrophs Chemoautotroph An organism that gets its energy from eating things and gets its carbon source from inorganic compounds Examples of a Chemoautotroph Only certain bacteria/archaea - methanogens, deep-sea vent bacteria Lithoautotroph gets energy from inorganic materials - can actually digest rocks Chemoheterotrophs derive energy from chemical energy in the food consumed; carbon source also comes from the food consumed What are humans classified as? Chemoheterotrophs Aerobic Respiration the principal energy-yielding pathway in where the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain is oxygen (O2) Osmosis movement of water across a permeable membrane Simple Diffusion The movement of molecules from a higher concontration to a lower concentration Facilitated Diffusion a molecule binds to a specific carrier protein that changes the shape of the cell and carries the molecule across the membrane Active Transport uses ATP to transport things into the cell against the concentration gradient Group Translocation form of active transport that couples a transport of a nutrient with its conversion to another form Permeases Pumps: these structures pump things in and