Biological
Molecules
Introduction
● Definition: Biological molecules are the molecules present in living organisms
that are essential for various biological processes.
● Classification: Four major classes of biological molecules:
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
Carbohydrates
Structure
● Monomers: Monosaccharides (e.g., glucose, fructose).
● Polymers: Disaccharides (e.g., sucrose), oligosaccharides, and
polysaccharides (e.g., starch, cellulose).
Functions
● Energy Source: Main source of energy in living organisms.
● Structural Support: Cellulose provides structural support in plant cell walls.
Lipids
Structure
● Hydrophobic: Insoluble in water due to non-polar nature.
● Types: Triglycerides (fats and oils), phospholipids, steroids.
Molecules
Introduction
● Definition: Biological molecules are the molecules present in living organisms
that are essential for various biological processes.
● Classification: Four major classes of biological molecules:
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
Carbohydrates
Structure
● Monomers: Monosaccharides (e.g., glucose, fructose).
● Polymers: Disaccharides (e.g., sucrose), oligosaccharides, and
polysaccharides (e.g., starch, cellulose).
Functions
● Energy Source: Main source of energy in living organisms.
● Structural Support: Cellulose provides structural support in plant cell walls.
Lipids
Structure
● Hydrophobic: Insoluble in water due to non-polar nature.
● Types: Triglycerides (fats and oils), phospholipids, steroids.
