Diabetes NCLEX Questions and Answers (Graded A)

Diabetes NCLEX Questions and Answers (Graded A) A client presents with diaphoresis, palpitations, jitters and tachycardia approx. 1.5 h after taking his regular morning insulin. What is the most appropriate intervention by the nurse? A. Check blood glucose level and administer carbohydrates B. Give nitroglycerin and perform an EKG C. Call the physician for additional insulin order D. Restrict salt, administer diuretics, and perform a paracentesis - ANS ️️ A. This patient is experiencing hypoglycemia. Check the blood glucose levels and administer carbs to elevate blood glucose EKG and nitroglycerin are treatments for myocardial infarction (heart attack). Additional insulin will just lower the blood glucose further. Restricting salt, administering diuretics, and performing a paracentesis are treatments for ascites The nurse is caring for a preoperative client with insulin-dependent diabetes. On the morning of surgery, the nurse should carry out which of the following nursing actions? A. Clarify the insulin dose with the physician B. Administer an oral antidiabetic agent C. Administer an I.V. insulin infusion D. Administer the full daily insulin dose - ANS ️️ A. Type 1 diabetics don't take oral agents - only Type 2's. I.V. insulin infusions must be ordered and clarified by the physician. Taking the full daily dose of insulin when he is NPO before surgery will lead to hypoglycemia. When teaching a newly diagnosed diabetic client about diet and exercise, what is the most important information for the nurse to provide? A. Exercise will increase blood glucose B. Management of fluid, protein, and electrolytes C. Reduction of calorie intake before exercising D. Dietary goals, food consistency, and physical activity - ANS ️️ D. Diabetic patients must be taught the relationship among dietary goals, consistency of food composition, and regular physical activity. Managing F&E and proteins is important for a client with acute renal failure. Exercise depletes blood glucose because we need the energy from carbs to exercise. Calorie intake may need to increase for a diabetic client before exercising. Which health problems are considered results of microvascular complications from long-term or poorly controlled diabetes mellitus? A. Obesity and hyperglycemia B. Systolic hypertension and heart failure C. Retinal hemorrhage and male erectile dysfunction D. Diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperglycemic-hyperosmolar state - ANS ️️ C. A client is exhibiting Kussmaul's respirations, abdominal discomfort, and lethargy. If random serum glucose is 325 mg/dL, which additional test should be conducted? A. Complete Blood Count (CBC) B. Serum Ketones C. BUN and creatinine D. Liver Enzymes - ANS ️️ B. Serum Keton