Midterm Exam: NUR631/ NUR 631 (Latest 2023/2024 Update) Advanced Physiology and Pathophysiology Study Guide| Questions and Verified Answers| 100% Correct – GCU

Midterm Exam: NUR631/ NUR 631 (Latest 2023/2024 Update) Advanced Physiology and Pathophysiology Study Guide| Questions and Verified Answers| 100% Correct – GCU Q: hormonal hyperplasia Answer: occurs chiefly in estrogen-dependent organs, such as the uterus and breast (e.g. endometrium growing after fertilization) Q: compensatory hyperplasia Answer: adaptive mechanism that enables certain organs to regenerate Q: hyperkalemia treatment Answer: Treatment - Give diuretics, glucose/insulin Kaexelate- insulin stimulates Na_ potassium Dadenosine triphosphatase (K=Dat- pase) pump Q: Hormones that regulate calcium/phosphate balance are Answer: parathyroid hor- mone (PTH), vitamin D and calcitonin Q: risk of recurrent of autosomal dominant disease Answer: 50% Q: cancer that herpes 8 causes Answer: Kaposi sarcoma Q: BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations increase risk of what? Answer: ovarian cancer among women Q: chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) diagnosed by? Answer: bone marrow Philadelphia chromosome Poor prognosis Transposition of 9 and 22 chromosomes Q: Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL) Answer: Immature lymphocytes (lymphoblasts) predominate. This form is seen most often in children and adolescents; onset is sudden high survival rate Q: Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML) Answer: Too many myeloblasts Most common adult leukemia Dx by Auer Rods bone pain and increased WBCs Survival 24% Q: Warburg effect Answer: cancer cells preferentially use glycolysis while decreasing ox- idative phosphorylation Glucose feeds tumors Q: Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) Answer: a form of leukemia characterized by extremely high levels of lymphocytes; most often found in middle-age adults 85% survival rate Q: polycythemia vera Answer: too many RBCs Tx: blood letting S&S: Pruritis after warm bath, ruddy complex Q: Multiple Myeloma diagnosed by Answer: Rouleaux blood film and punch out regions and Bence Jones protein (80% of cases) Q: Multiple Myeloma symptoms Answer: *Bone pain*, anemia, fatigue, recurrent infec- tions -Lytic bone lesion (punch out bone regions) *Hypercalemia*, increase creatinine Increased ESR Q: Multiple Myeloma Treatment Answer: Steroids, Thalidomide, chemotherapy, autolo- gous, marrow transplant, Bortezomib Viral therapy Q: Lymphomas Answer: in lymph nodes - B-cells usually Q: Hodgkin's lymphoma Answer: distinguished from other lymphomas by the presence of large, cancerous lymphocytes known as Reed-Sternberg cells Q: Hodgkin's lymphoma symptoms Answer: PAINLESS enlarged lymph nodes night sweats fever weight loss Q: Burkitt's lymphoma