PRM Exam 2 Questions & Answers 2023/2024

PRM Exam 2 Questions & Answers 2023/2024 Construct validity, internal validity, external validity - ANSWER-Name three types of validity The degree to which a measure measures what it is meant to. - ANSWER-Construct validity The extent to which a study allows us to draw conclusions about the causal relation between our variables of interest - ANSWER-Internal validity Because you are not manipulating the independent variable, you cannot draw conclusions about causal relationships. Lots of confounds - ANSWER-Why are non-experimental methods low in internal validity? Confounds, experimenter expectancy effects, demand characteristics, differential attrition, regression to the mean, sensitization - ANSWER-What are the threats to internal validity? Any extraneous variable that co-varies with the independent variable. Try to only vary one thing - ANSWER-Confounds (define and how to we guard against) What the experimenter expects impacts the results - includes measurement error and also may change participant behavior (demand characteristics) Double blind studies minimize, automating as much as possible - ANSWER-Experimenter expectancy effect (define and how to we guard against) When participants behavior changes based on what the participant thinks the experimenter wants. Can be hard to avoid. Double blind studies - ANSWER-Demand characteristics (define and how to we guard against) When participants drop out of the study at different rates in different conditions - ANSWER-Differential attrition (define and how to we guard against)