Biomed Semester One Final Review
What can be done at a scene of a mysterious death to help reconstruct what happened? -
ANSA picture/sketch of the crime scene should first be done. All the evidence at the crime
scene should be collected and analyzed. Measurements should be taken and environmental
factors should be considered.
How do the clues found at a scene of a mysterious death help investigators determine what
might have occurred and help identify or exonerate potential suspects? - ANSInvestigators can
find a pattern within the clues found at a scene. These clues can also eliminate and determine
possible suspects based off of DNA testing.
How do scientists design experiments to find the most accurate answer to the question they are
asking? - ANSScientists use the scientific method to determine an accurate answer to their
testable question.
How are bloodstain patterns left at a crime scene used to help investigators establish the events
that took place during a crime? - ANSBloodstain patterns can help determine what happened at
a crime scene. Smudges, smears, splatters, and sprays can point to different events.
Investigators analyze these blood stain patterns to determine what could've happened.
Biomedical Science - ANSapplication of the principles of the natural sciences, especially biology
and physiology, to clinical medicine
Control Group - ANSgroup in an experiment where the independent variable being tested is not
applied so that it may serve as a standard for comparison against the experimental group where
the independent variable is applied
Dependent Variable - ANSmeasurable effect, outcome, or response in which the research is
interested
Experiment - ANSresearch study conducted to determine the effect that one variable has upon
another variable
Forensic Science - ANSapplication of scientific knowledge to questions of civil and criminal law
Hypothesis - ANSclear prediction of the anticipated results of an experiment
Independent Variable - ANSvariable that is varied or manipulated by the researcher
, Negative Control - ANScontrol group where conditions produce a negative outcome, negative
control groups help identify outside influences which may be present that were not accounted
for when the procedure was created
Personal Protective Equipment - ANSspecialized clothing or equipment, worn by an employee
for protection against infectious materials (as defined by OSHA)
Positive Control - ANSgroup expected to have a positive result, allowing the researcher to show
that the experimental set up was capable of producing results
What is DNA? - ANSDNA is a unique code of over three billion base pairs that provide a genetic
blueprint for an individual. It stands for deoxyribonucleic acid, found in every living thing, and
each one's DNA is different. It's double stranded, helical shaped molecule capable of replacing
and determining the inherited structure of a cell's protein.
How do scientists isolate DNA in order to study it? - ANSScientists isolate DNA by extracting it
from other cells.
How does DNA differ from person to person? - ANSThere are billions of base pairs, creating
billions of possible combinations for these base pairs. The way the chromosomes line up and
genetic makeup in living things are also different.
How can tools of molecular biology be used to compare the DNA of two individuals? -
ANSRestriction enzymes and gel electrophoresis can be used to compare DNA.
What are restriction enzymes? - ANSRestriction enzymes cut DNA into specific parts to
compare.
What are restriction fragment length polymorphisms? - ANSRFLPs are the little pieces after
restriction enzymes has cut them.
What is gel electrophoresis and how can the results of this technique be interpreted? - ANSGel
electrophoresis is the separation of nucleic acids or proteins, by size and electrical charge, by
measuring the rate the RFLPs move through an electrical field in the gel.
Adenine - ANScomponent of nucleic acids, energy-carrying molecules such as ATP, and certain
coenzymes, chemically it's a purine base
Chromosome - ANSany of the usually linear bodies in the cell nucleus that contain the genetic
material
Cytosine - ANScomponent of nucleic acids that carries hereditary information in DNA and RNA
in cells, chemically it's a pyrimidine base
What can be done at a scene of a mysterious death to help reconstruct what happened? -
ANSA picture/sketch of the crime scene should first be done. All the evidence at the crime
scene should be collected and analyzed. Measurements should be taken and environmental
factors should be considered.
How do the clues found at a scene of a mysterious death help investigators determine what
might have occurred and help identify or exonerate potential suspects? - ANSInvestigators can
find a pattern within the clues found at a scene. These clues can also eliminate and determine
possible suspects based off of DNA testing.
How do scientists design experiments to find the most accurate answer to the question they are
asking? - ANSScientists use the scientific method to determine an accurate answer to their
testable question.
How are bloodstain patterns left at a crime scene used to help investigators establish the events
that took place during a crime? - ANSBloodstain patterns can help determine what happened at
a crime scene. Smudges, smears, splatters, and sprays can point to different events.
Investigators analyze these blood stain patterns to determine what could've happened.
Biomedical Science - ANSapplication of the principles of the natural sciences, especially biology
and physiology, to clinical medicine
Control Group - ANSgroup in an experiment where the independent variable being tested is not
applied so that it may serve as a standard for comparison against the experimental group where
the independent variable is applied
Dependent Variable - ANSmeasurable effect, outcome, or response in which the research is
interested
Experiment - ANSresearch study conducted to determine the effect that one variable has upon
another variable
Forensic Science - ANSapplication of scientific knowledge to questions of civil and criminal law
Hypothesis - ANSclear prediction of the anticipated results of an experiment
Independent Variable - ANSvariable that is varied or manipulated by the researcher
, Negative Control - ANScontrol group where conditions produce a negative outcome, negative
control groups help identify outside influences which may be present that were not accounted
for when the procedure was created
Personal Protective Equipment - ANSspecialized clothing or equipment, worn by an employee
for protection against infectious materials (as defined by OSHA)
Positive Control - ANSgroup expected to have a positive result, allowing the researcher to show
that the experimental set up was capable of producing results
What is DNA? - ANSDNA is a unique code of over three billion base pairs that provide a genetic
blueprint for an individual. It stands for deoxyribonucleic acid, found in every living thing, and
each one's DNA is different. It's double stranded, helical shaped molecule capable of replacing
and determining the inherited structure of a cell's protein.
How do scientists isolate DNA in order to study it? - ANSScientists isolate DNA by extracting it
from other cells.
How does DNA differ from person to person? - ANSThere are billions of base pairs, creating
billions of possible combinations for these base pairs. The way the chromosomes line up and
genetic makeup in living things are also different.
How can tools of molecular biology be used to compare the DNA of two individuals? -
ANSRestriction enzymes and gel electrophoresis can be used to compare DNA.
What are restriction enzymes? - ANSRestriction enzymes cut DNA into specific parts to
compare.
What are restriction fragment length polymorphisms? - ANSRFLPs are the little pieces after
restriction enzymes has cut them.
What is gel electrophoresis and how can the results of this technique be interpreted? - ANSGel
electrophoresis is the separation of nucleic acids or proteins, by size and electrical charge, by
measuring the rate the RFLPs move through an electrical field in the gel.
Adenine - ANScomponent of nucleic acids, energy-carrying molecules such as ATP, and certain
coenzymes, chemically it's a purine base
Chromosome - ANSany of the usually linear bodies in the cell nucleus that contain the genetic
material
Cytosine - ANScomponent of nucleic acids that carries hereditary information in DNA and RNA
in cells, chemically it's a pyrimidine base
