PC707 Module 4 - Cardiac Exam Questions With Verified Answers

Thiazide diuretics MOA - Answer Promotes sodium and water excretion by inhibiting sodium reabsorption in nephrons Thiazide diuretics side effects - Answer Hyponatremia, hypoKalemia, hypomagnesiumia, hypercalcemia, hyperuricemia, hyperglycemia Elevates LDL Thiazide diuretics D2D - Answer Digoxin (hypokalemia), NSAIDs, Lithium Thiazide diuretics PEARLs - Answer - help with bone loss in post-menopausal women - can exacerbate gout or cause acute attack Thiazide diuretics education - Answer Educate on high-K diet, signs of electrolyte imbalance Loop diuretics MOA - Answer Acts on ascending loop of Heinle to block reabsorption of NaCl while also excreting K Loop diuretics side effects - Answer Hyponatremia, hypochloremia, hypoKalemia, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia Loop diuretic BBW - Answer Can cause profound diuresis in high doses - resulting in severe dehydration and electrolyte imbalances Loop diuretic PEARL - Answer Can be ototoxic Aldosterone receptor antagonists MOA - Answer Blocks aldosterone in distal nephron - retaining K and excreting Na Aldosterone receptor antagonists example - Answer Spironolactone Aldosterone receptor antagonist Side effects - Answer Hyperkalemia, anti-androgenic effects (post-menopausal bleeding, ED), gynecomastia Aldosterone receptor antagonist BBW - Answer Tumorigenesis in rats with chronic use Do not give in renal failure or hyperkalemia Thiazide diuretics example - Answer hydrochlorothiazide Loop diuretic example - Answer Furosemide (Lasix) Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors examples - Answer Enalapril (Vasotec), Lisinopril (Prinivil) Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors MOA - Answer Reduce levels of angiotensin II and thus increase levels of bradykinin Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors side effects - Answer Fetal injury, cough, angioedema, hyperkalemia, renal failure Can ACE inhibitors be used in pregnancy? - Answer Absolutely not. BBW. What conditions would we not give ACE inhibitor? - Answer Pregnancy, renal failure, bilateral renal artery stenosis Can ACE inhibitor be tried again if patient develops cough? - Answer No, cough will return as it is a class effect. Rx an ARB instead. Angiotensin 2 receptor blockers (ARBS) examples - Answer Losartan (Cozaar), Valsartan (Diovan)