MED SURG UNIT 3/99 QUESTIONSAND ANSWERS

The nurse understands adequate teaching has been done by which of the following statements? A. "I got a flu shot last year; I'm covered for a while." B. "I don't need a flu shot; I never get sick." C. "I guess it's important to get a flu shot every year." D. "I don't get a flu shot, but I make sure my kids get one." - √Answer :Answer: C Rationale: The patient and children should get a flu shot every year. Quiz :The correct statement about the prevalence of pneumonia is which of the following? A. Pneumonia is no longer a major health problem. B. The prevalence of pneumonia is increasing dramatically. C. The prevalence and mortality are highest in persons older than 65 years. D. The frequency has not declined, but mortality has declined. - √Answer :Answer: C Rationale: Pneumonia is still prevalent and the mortality rate is highest in persons greater than 65 years of age. Quiz :The nurse understands the priority intervention with the patient with TB is which of the following? A. Antibiotic administration B. Initiation of isolation C. TB test D. Chest x-ray - √Answer :Answer: B Rationale: It is imperative that the TB patient be isolated as soon as possible to prevent the spread of the disease. Quiz :The nurse recognizes that the first physical compensatory mechanism of decreased oxygen delivery is which of the following? A. Increased heart rate B. Increased respiratory rate C. Decreased heart rate D. Decreased respiratory rate - √Answer :Answer: B Rationale: The second compensatory mechanism is increasing heart rate. A decreased heart rate or decreased respiratory rate would hinder oxygen delivery Quiz :The nurse recognizes that the second physical compensatory mechanism of decreased oxygen delivery is which of the following? A. Increased heart rate B. Increased respiratory rate C. Decreased heart rate D. Decreased respiratory rate - √Answer :Answer: A Rationale: The second compensatory mechanism is increasing heart rate. The first compensatory mechanism is increased respiratory rate. A decreased heart rate or decreased respiratory rate would hinder oxygen delivery. Quiz :During the assessment of a patient admitted with pneumonia, the nurse notes that the patient is experiencing agitation and restlessness not evident on prior assessments. What should the nurse's initial response be to this assessment finding? A. Obtain an oxygen saturation measurement with pulse oximetry. B. Notify the physician. C. Auscultate breath sounds. D. Comfort and calm the patient. - √Answer :Answer: A Rationale: Agitation and restlessness may be a sign of decreased oxygen levels. After completing the assessment, which would include auscultating breath sounds, the nurse should notify the physician and start oxygen, all the while attempting to comfort and calm the patient. Quiz :A patient with MRSA pneumonia can be cohorted (share a room) with which of the following patients? A. A patient with an MRSA-infected foot ulcer B. A patient with a confirmed influenza infection C. A postoperative patient with open reduction/internal fixation (ORIF) of the right hip D. A COPD patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who is receiving steroids - √Answer :Answer: B Rationale: A patient with pneumonia cannot be in a room with a postoperative patient or a COPD patient on steroids due to the risk of infection for those patients. The patient with an MRSA foot ulcer does not need droplet precautions as a patient with influenza. Quiz :Acceptable room assignments for a patient with suspected or confirmed tuberculosis (TB) should be which of the following? A. Cohorted only with other tuberculosis TB patients B. Cohorted only with patients who are not infected with TB C. Isolated in a private room D. Isolated in a private room until confirmed and then cohorted once treatment has begun - √Answer :Answer: C Rationale: The patient with TB should always be isolated in a private negative pressure room Quiz :The first-line natural protective mechanism for the upper respiratory tract consists of: A. Mucociliary escalator B. External environment interface C. Vibrissae - √Answer :Answer: C Quiz :The mechanism that moves particulates to be expelled by sneezing and coughing is called: A. Cillia B. Epithelium C. Mucociliary escalator - √Answer :Answer: C Quiz :Which of the following are the most important respiratory structures for gas exchange? A. Bronchioles B. Trachea C. Alveoli - √Answer :Answer: C