BIOLOGY 111 EXAM 1- TAMU EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2024

Domain Archaea Prokaryotic, single-celled organisms; have cell walls; reproduce using binary fission (duplication); RNA sequence is most similar to Eukarya; live in extreme environments and therefore do not infect humans; oldest life forms; include methanogens, extreme thermophiles, and extreme halophiles. Domain Bacteria Prokaryotic, single-celled organisms; have cell walls; reproduce using binary fission; differ from archaea in environment and materials in cell wall; includes cyanobacteria. Brainpower Read More Biology The scientific study of life and its processes. Biosphere "Largest ecosystem"; the Earth from atmosphere to core. Cell An organism's basic unit of structure and function; enclosed by a membrane that regulates the passage of materials between its insides and its surroundings; uses DNA as genetic information. Community A set of populations in a given area. Consumer A heterotroph; an organism that obtains organic food molecules by eating other organisms or substances derived from them. Controlled Experiment An experiment in which an experimental group is compared with a control group that varies only in the factor being tested. Deductive Reasoning If...then logic; specific results are predicted from a general premise; general to specific reasoning. DNA A nucleic acid molecule; central database of genetic information; determines genes; translated to RNA which makes proteins. Domain Eukarya All organisms made up of eukaryotic cells; includes the Kingdoms Plantae, Animalia, Fungi, and protists. Emergent Properties Properties that become apparent as complexity is elevated. Eukaryotic Cell Has a "true nucleus," and organelles with membranes; is much larger than the other type of cell. Gene A unit of inheritance; determines physical traits. Genome The entire genetic library of an organism. Hypothesis A testable explanation for a set of observations based on the available data and guided by inductive reasoning; narrower in scope than a theory. Inductive Reasoning A type of logic in which generalizations are based off a number of specific observations; specific to general. Kingdom Animalia A Kingdom of Domain Eukarya; multicellular, includes heterotrophic organisms with no cell wall. Kingdom Fungi A Kingdom of Domain Eukarya; members have cell walls made of chitin, decompose organic material to obtain nutrients, and digest food outside themselves using enzymes. Kingdom Plantae A Kingdom of Domain Eukarya; members are photosynthetic, have cell walls made of cellulose, and are multicellular. Negative Feedback Regulation in which accumulation of an end product of a process slows that process. Organ/Organ System Functions as organelles do in cells, serving various purposes in an organism's body. Organelles Small, usually membranous; located in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. Organisms Individual living things. Population All individuals of a species within a given area. Positive Feedback Regulation in which the end product speeds up its own production. Producer An autotroph; an organism that obtains organic food molecules using energy from the sun or oxidation of inorganic substances