NUR 239 EXAM 4 (100% correct answers)

cardiac output correct answers HR x SV blood pressure equation correct answers CO x SVR S1 heart sounds; closure valves correct answers mitral and tricuspid S2 heart sounds; closure valves correct answers aortic and pulmonic cardiac output correct answers amount of blood pumped each minute (~5 L) stroke volume correct answers the amount of blood ejected from the heart in one contraction peripheral vascular resistance correct answers the resistance of the vessels to the flow of blood; increased when the vessels constrict, decreased when the vessels relax. preload correct answers volume of blood in ventricles at end of diastole afterload correct answers pressure ventricles must exert to eject blood into the aorta orthopnea correct answers difficulty breathing when lying down cardiac fatigue correct answers fatigue that appears suddenly and gets worse with activity; a sign of heart failure orthostatic hypotension correct answers low blood pressure that occurs upon standing up; people above 65 are at risk. hypertension; pathophysiology correct answers increased workload on the heart (hypertrophy), narrowing and stiffening of blood vessels. hypertension; SxS correct answers frequently asymptomatic in early stages initial signs vague and non-specific fatigue malaise sometimes morning occipital headache hypertension; risk factors correct answers smoking obesity sedentary lifestyle genetics age poor diet