NURS660 Psychopharm 660 Exam 1 (100% CORRECT)

Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia correct answers Delusions, hallucinations, distortions, agitation, disorganized speech, disorganized behavior Where do positive symptoms originate? correct answers Mesolimbic dopamine pathway Medications to treat positive symptoms correct answers Antipsychotics Negative symptoms of schizophrenia correct answers Flat affect, alogia, affective blunting, asociality, anhedonia, avolition. Where do negative symptoms originate? correct answers Mesocortical dopamine pathway. May also involve mesolimbic regions such as nucleus accumbens Medications to treat negative symptoms correct answers Vraylar, amisulpride Hypotheses of Schizophrenia correct answers -Mesolimbic pathway is hypothesized to be hyperactive resulting in excess dopamine at the synapse. -The gluatamate activity at NMDA receptors is hypofunctional Mesolimbic Pathway Theory of Schizophrenia correct answers Mesolimbic pathway is hyperactive, resulting in excess dopamine at the synapse which leads to positive symptoms. Hyperactivity of mesolimbic dopamine neurons may also play a role in aggression and hostile symptoms. Five Different Dopamine Pathways in the brain correct answers -Nigrostriatal Dopamine Pathway -Mesolimbic dopamine pathway -Mesocorticol dopamine pathway -Tuberoinfundibular dopamine pathway -Thalamic dopamine pathway Nigrostriatal pathway correct answers Projects from the substantia nigra to the basal ganglia or striatum. -Part of the extrapyramidal nervous system -Controls motor function and movement -When dopamine is deficient, can cause parkinsonism with tremor, rigidity, and akinesia/bradykinesia -Excess dopamine- can cause hyperkinetic movements, such as tics and dyskinesias Mesolimbic dopamine pathway correct answers Projects from the midbrain ventral tegmental area to the nucleus accumbens (part of limbic system) where many behaviors such as pleasurable sensations, the powerful euphoria of drug abuse as well as delusions and hallucinations.