PHIL 347 Check Point Quiz week 4 Review

1. Based on what you have read in the text, the lecture, and any other sources you find helpful to your understanding of deductive arguments, explain the structure of a deductive argument in your own words. A deductive argument is a sound argument that shows a logical relationship between two premises that lead to or infer a conclusion. Deductive reason allows for certainty as long as certain rules are followed. Beginning with a statement we believe to be true or false. This is called the premise. Followed by reasoning in a logical manner to arrive at a conclusion. 2. Go to the box “Deductive Reasoning” (in the beginning of Chapter 8). Read the last paragraph there. Based on that reading and any other sources you find helpful to your understanding, describe the part that “rules, operating conditions, core beliefs, values, policies, principles, procedures, and terminology” (p. 159) play in deductive arguments. These are things that set the foundation, guideline, or structure of our evaluative reasoning skill. Which allow us to determine the credibility and validity of claims made and sources of information. We also use these skills to determine strength or weaknesses of an argument. They help identify the elements of a situation and determine how those parts interact. 3. In the introduction to Chapter 8, the text sets forth a specific definition of the term “valid” as it applies to deductive arguments. What is that definition? Your Answer: Valid- Describes an argument or inference such that the truth of the premise entails or implies that conclusion must be true; In other words, It impossible for the conclusion to be false if all of the premises are true. 4. Use the following template to create a valid Denying the Consequent argument example: If then It is not the case that Therefore, it is not the case that Your Answer: If: You are an attorney then: you have completed law school if it is not the case: if you have not completed law school then you are not an attorney. 5. Use the following template to create a valid Affirming the Antecedent argument example: If then Therefore Your Answer: If: Amazon sells them cheaper than the Department stores Then: we will purchase them from Amazon The price quote from Amazon was cheaper than the price quote from the Department store