Life: The Science of Biology, Ninth Edition Sadava • Hillis • Heller • Berenbaum CH 21 Evidence and Mechanisms of Evolution

1. Which of the following statements about the 1918–19 influenza pandemic is false? a. Compared with most flu viruses, the virus of the pandemic hit young adults particularly hard. b. There were more deaths from this virus than there were combat deaths in World War I. c. The virus often triggered an especially intense reaction in the immune system. d. The virus was the product of evolution. e. All of the above are true; none is false. Answer: e Textbook Reference: 21.0 Evolutionary theory leads to better flu vaccines Page: 440 Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering 2. Which of the following is the most likely reason that we need to develop a new flu vaccine every year? a. The flu virus evolves due to negative selection. b. The flu virus evolves due to positive selection. c. The vaccine evolves due to negative selection. d. Humans evolve from year to year. e. Our immune system degrades over time. Answer: b Textbook Reference: 21.0 Evolutionary theory leads to better flu vaccines Page: 440 Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding 3. Which of the following statements about evolution is false? a. Scientists can observe evolution in action. b. Evolutionary theory can be applied to solve practical problems. c. Biologists have accumulated a large body of evidence about the evolutionary changes that have occurred in the past. d. Biologists have accumulated a large body of evidence about how evolutionary changes occur. e. All of the above are true; none is false. Answer: e Textbook Reference: 21.1 What Facts Form the Basis of Our Understanding of Evolution? Page: 441 Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering 4. According to the scientific definition of the word theory, a theory is a. a hypothesis. b. largely a matter of guesswork. c. a large body of knowledge. d. an estimate. e. a supposition. Answer: c Textbook Reference: 21.1 What Facts Form the Basis of Our Understanding of Evolution? Page: 441 Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering 5. Which of the following statements about Darwin is true? a. Even as a youth he recognized that life evolves. b. He published his observations about evolution soon after the HMS Beagle arrived in England. c. He recognized that animals on the Galápagos Islands were all identical to those on the mainland. d. He had a keen interest in geology. e. All of the above Answer: d Textbook Reference: 21.1 What Facts Form the Basis of Our Understanding of Evolution? Page: 442–443 Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering 6. Although Darwin’s voyage aboard the HMS Beagle took him around the world, most of his observations on natural history were made on the continent of and its nearby islands. a. Europe b. North America c. South America d. Asia e. Africa Answer: c Textbook Reference: 21.1 What Facts Form the Basis of Our Understanding of Evolution? Page: 443 Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering 7. Why do most scientists and historians give Darwin more credit than Wallace regarding their contributions to evolutionary theory? a. Only Darwin provided a mechanism for evolution. b. Darwin provided more extensive evidence in support of evolution. c. Darwin developed his ideas first. d. Both a and b e. Both b and c Answer: e Textbook Reference: 21.1 What Facts Form the Basis of Our Understanding of Evolution? Page: 443 Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering 8. Darwin published The Origin of Species a. before 1840. b. between 1841 and 1880. c. between 1881 and 1920. d. between 1921 and 1960. e. after 1960. Answer: b Textbook Reference: 21.1 What Facts Form the Basis of Our Understanding of Evolution? Page: 443 Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering 9. Which of the following principles of Darwin’s theory were guided by his reading of the economist Thomas Malthus? a. The world is old. b. Individuals resemble their parents. c. There must be checks on survival and reproduction in nature, or else the world would become overcrowded. d. Like compound interest, small successive changes in a trait each generation can lead to the large differences that we see between species. e. Nature acts like the breeders of pigeon, selecting the traits most useful to the organism. Answer: c Textbook Reference: 21.1 What Facts Form the Basis of Our Understanding of Evolution? Page: 443 Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding 10. Which of the following best describes natural selection? a. Chance variations in traits b. The differential survival and reproduction of individuals c. The processes that lead individuals to resemble their parents d. The potential for all species to increase rapidly in number e. The immutability of species Answer: b Textbook Reference: 21.1 What Facts Form the Basis of Our Understanding of Evolution? Page: 443 Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering 11. Which of the following statements is false? a. Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection was influenced by his experiences as a pigeon breeder. b. Individuals evolve according to Darwin’s theory. c. Death rates in nature are usually high.