HESI A2 PRACTICE

HESI A2 PRACTICE What is the most inclusive category in biology? - CORRECT ANSWER-Kingdom What is the least inclusive/ most restrictive? - CORRECT ANSWER-Species What are the four steps of the scientific process in order? - CORRECT ANSWERObservation, Hypothesis, Experiment, Conclusion What is the amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature of 1 gram of that molecule by 1 degree celsius? - CORRECT ANSWER-Specific heat The ability of a molecule to stay bonded or attracted to another molecule of the same substance - CORRECT ANSWER-Cohesion The ability of a molecule to bond or attract to other molecules or substances - CORRECT ANSWER-Adhesion Long chains, or polymers, of sugars that provide storage, structure and energy. - CORRECT ANSWER-Carbohydrate carbohydrates form the backbone of important molecules such as _____ and _______ - CORRECT ANSWER-DNA & RNA Lipids pertains to ___ (3 answers) - CORRECT ANSWER-Fatty acids, phospholipids, and steroids. Fatty acids that contain no double bonds in their hydrocarbon tail - CORRECT ANSWER-Saturated fats Fatty acids that contain one or more double bond, solid at room temperature. - CORRECT ANSWER-Unsaturated fats Cardiovascular problems are likely associated with diets involving high quantities of what type of fatty acid? - CORRECT ANSWER-Saturated fats ____ is a lipid that is important to the function of the cell membrane because it creates a barrier that protects the cell. - CORRECT ANSWER-Phospholipid Many ____ (a type of lipid) are precursors to significant hormones and drugs. - CORRECT ANSWER-Steroids Proteins are the polymers of 20 molecules called _____ - CORRECT ANSWER-amino acids Particular types of proteins that act to catalyze nearly all reactions. - CORRECT ANSWER-Enzymes a unique molecule specific to a particular organism that contains the code that is necessary for replication - CORRECT ANSWER-DNA used in the transfer of information from DNA to protein level and as a messenger in most species of the genetic code - CORRECT ANSWER-RNA The sum of all chemical reactions that occur in an organism - CORRECT ANSWERMetabolism What are the two types of cells? - CORRECT ANSWER-prokaryotic and eukaryotic lack a defined nucleus and do not contain membrane bound organelles - CORRECT ANSWER-prokaryotic cell have a membrane-enclosed nucleus, and a series of membrane bound organelles that carry out the functions of the cell - CORRECT ANSWER-eukaryotic cell what part of the cell contains the DNA in organized masses called chromosomes? - CORRECT ANSWER-Nucleus organelles tha tread the RNA produced in the nucleus and translate the genetic instructions to produce proteins - CORRECT ANSWER-Ribosomes Ribosomes can be found in what two locations? - CORRECT ANSWER-attached to the ER, and in the cytoplasm What cell organelle is responsible for protein synthesis and membrane production? - CORRECT ANSWER-Rough ER What cell organelle is responsible for the detoxification and metabolism of multiple molecules? - CORRECT ANSWER-Smooth ER Which part of the cell packages, processes, and ships? - CORRECT ANSWER-Golgi apparatus Where does intercellular digestion take place? - CORRECT ANSWER-lysosomes the uptake of food through the cell membrane - CORRECT ANSWER-phagocytosis found in most eukaryotic cells and are the site of cellular respiration - CORRECT ANSWER-Mitochondria found in plants and are the site of photosynthesis - CORRECT ANSWER-Chloroplasts made up of a bilayer of phospholipid molecules - CORRECT ANSWER-cell membrane because phospholipids are amphipathic, there is a hydrophobic region making the cellular membrane - CORRECT ANSWER-selectively permeable energy currency of a cell is - CORRECT ANSWER-ATP acts as a reducing agent and is a vehicle of stored energy - CORRECT ANSWERNADH the first step in metabolism of food to cellular energy is the conversion of glucose to pyruvate in a process called - CORRECT ANSWER-glycolosis glycolysis takes place in the ____ of the cell - CORRECT ANSWER-cytosol in step two of metabolism, pyruvate is transported into a mitochondrion and used in the first of a series of reactions called the - CORRECT ANSWER-krebs cycle the third step of metabolism begins with the oxidation of the NADH molecules to produce oxygen and finally to produce water in a series of steps called the - CORRECT ANSWER-electron transport chain in the electron transport chain process, the amount of ___ that can be produced is from 28 -32 - CORRECT ANSWER-ATP For every ____ molecule consumed, 32-36 ATP molecules may be produced - CORRECT ANSWER-glucose type of asexual reproduction where the chromosome binds to the plasma membrane, where it replicates, then as the cell grows, it pinches in two, producing two identical cells - CORRECT ANSWER-binary fission stage in mitosis where the chromosomes are visibly separate and each duplicated chromosome has two noticeable chromatids - CORRECT ANSWER-prophase stage in mitosis where the nuclear involve begins to disappear and the chromosomes begin attaching to the spindle that forms along the axis of the cell - CORRECT ANSWER-prometaphase stage in mitosis when all of the chromosomes align along the center of the cell - CORRECT ANSWER-metaphase stage in mitosis where chromosomes start to separate - CORRECT ANSWERanaphase stage in mitosis when chromosomes gather on either side of the now separating cell - CORRECT ANSWER-telophase a type of cell division when the cell pinches in two, forming two separate identical cells - CORRECT ANSWER-cytokinesis in this type of reproduction, the offspring originates from a single cell, yielding all cells produced to be identical. - CORRECT ANSWER-asexual in this type of reproduction, two cells contribute genetic material, resulting in significantly greater variation, the cells won't be alike. - CORRECT ANSWER-sexual the process that determines how reproductive cells divide in a sexually reproducing organism is called - CORRECT ANSWER-Meiosis preceding meiosis is - CORRECT ANSWER-interphase meiosis consist consist of two stages, resulting in __ daughter cells - CORRECT ANSWER-4 two alternative versions of a gene - CORRECT ANSWER-alleles if both of the alleles are the same type - CORRECT ANSWER-homozygous if the alleles are different types - CORRECT ANSW