Adult Med-Surg: Section 1 - Fluids & Electrolytes questions with correct answers

Adult Med-Surg: Section 1 - Fluids & Electrolytes questions with correct answers
The adult body should have what percentage of total body weight as water? (pg. 81) CORRECT ANSWER-50-60%
An infant should have what percentage of total body weight as water? (pg. 81) CORRECT ANSWER-75-80%
How much of our body fluid should be intracellular fluid (ICF)? (pg.81) CORRECT ANSWER-Two-thirds (2/3)
How much of our body fluid should be extra cellular fluid (ECF)? (pg.81) CORRECT ANSWER-One-third (1/3)
What is fluid volume deficit (FVD)? (pg.81) CORRECT ANSWER-Fluid intake is
less than needed to meet body requirements
What is the most common type of FVD? (pg. 81) CORRECT ANSWER-Isotonic dehydration
What are the contributing factors of FVD? (pg.81) CORRECT ANSWER-~ excess
GI and/or renal loss
~ diaphoresis
~ fever
~ long-term NPO status
~ hemorrhage ~ insufficient intake ~ burns
~ diuretic therapy
~ aging (older adults have less body water & decreased thirst sensation)
What are the manifestations of FVD? (pg.81) CORRECT ANSWER-~ weight loss
~ dry mucous membranes
~ increased HR & RR
~ thready pulse
~ capillary refill > 3 sec
~ weakness, fatigue
~ orthostatic hypotension ~ poor skin turgor
~ LATE SIGNS: oliguria, decreased central venous pressure (CVP), flattened neck
veins
What are the diagnostic procedures for FVD? (pg.81) CORRECT ANSWER-~ serum electrolytes, BUN, creatinine, Hct (can be high due to hemoconcenitration)
~ urine: specific gravity & osmolarity
What are the nursing interventions for FVD? (pg.81) CORRECT ANSWER-~ monitor VS, pulse quality & amplitude
~ monitor skin turgor (older adults: check at sternum or forehead)
~ maintain strict I&O (output should be 0.5 mL/kg/hr)
~ weigh clients daily ~ correct underlying cause
~ fluid replacement