ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY-NR 508 EXAM REVIEW 2023/2024

ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY-NR 508 EXAM REVIEW 2023/2024 effectiveness, safety, selectivity - CORRECT ANSWER-State the three (3) most important characteristics of any drug. No, all medications have side effects - CORRECT ANSWER-Is it possible to have a selective drug? Absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion - CORRECT ANSWER-Define the four phases of pharmacokenetics. The nature and intensity of the response the drug has on the body - CORRECT ANSWER-Define pharmacodynamics. Evaluate effects, identify high risk patients, and assess for self care - CORRECT ANSWER-Name the three most important goals of pre-administration assessment. Allergies, pregnancy, age, genetics and pathological disease (kidney or liver) - CORRECT ANSWER-What factors can predispose an individual to adverse reactions from drugs? A thorough patient history to identify those who might be high risk and education - CORRECT ANSWERWhat measures help reduce adverse reactions of medication administration? A randomized control trial is required for all new medications - CORRECT ANSWER-What type of research is required to assess drug therapies? Participants don't know if they belong to the control or experimental group - CORRECT ANSWER-What is a "blinded" study? Harris-Kefauver Amendment to the FDA and the Cosmetic act of 1962 - CORRECT ANSWER-Which Amendment strengthened drug regulation after the Thalidomide tragedy in Europe? Trade names are easy to recall and pronounce, and good for marketing purposes - CORRECT ANSWERWhat is the purpose of having a trade name (proprietary or brand name) for a drug? Using two brand name drugs that have the same ingredient can lead to overdose - CORRECT ANSWERWhat is one of the problems with trade names? Penicillin's - CORRECT ANSWER-Binds and blocks peptidases? Floroquinolones - CORRECT ANSWER-commonly used to treat urinary tract infections? Cephalosporins - CORRECT ANSWER-inhibits cell wall synthesis Macrolides - CORRECT ANSWER-prevents translocation Penicillin - CORRECT ANSWER-Beta Lactam ring Sulfonomides - CORRECT ANSWER-inhibits folic acid synthesis Cephalosporins - CORRECT ANSWER-Has a disulfiram like reaction when taken with alcohol Macrolides - CORRECT ANSWER-Gram positive Flouroquinolones - CORRECT ANSWER-causes prolonged QT interval Macrolides - CORRECT ANSWER-Causes GI upset, hepatotoxicity, flatulence, jaundice, anorexia and adverse effects Tetracycline - CORRECT ANSWER-Causes teeth discoloration Floroquinolones - CORRECT ANSWER-Associated with spontaneous tendon rupture Aminoglycosides - CORRECT ANSWER-Inhibits the process of translation Floroquinolones - CORRECT ANSWER-inhibits DNA gyrase Amnioglycosides - CORRECT ANSWER-Broad spectrum change shape of 30s sub unit Penicillin - CORRECT ANSWER-inhibits cell wall production Tetracycline - CORRECT ANSWER-interferes with tRNA attachment Sulfonomides - CORRECT ANSWER-most common antibiotic to be allergic to Aminoglycosides - CORRECT ANSWER-inhibits protein synthesis Pharmacology - CORRECT ANSWER-The study of drugs and their actions on the body Pre clinical Stage - CORRECT ANSWER-The first part of the drug development process Identification of promising drugs and testing on animals occurs in this phase Two types of drug responses - CORRECT ANSWER-quantal and graded Graded Responses - CORRECT ANSWER-biological effects that can be measured continually up to the maxium responding capacity of the biologic system Most drug responses are graded Quantal response - CORRECT ANSWER-responses that may or may not occur Examples of graded responses - CORRECT ANSWER-blood pressure heart rate diruesis bronchodilation pain score coma score Examples of quantal responses - CORRECT ANSWER-convulsions pregnancy rash sleep death Potency - CORRECT ANSWER-how much drug is needed to produce a biologic response Which has the highest potency? Ibuprofen 200mg ASA 325mg Ketoprofen 50mg - CORRECT ANSWER-Ketoprofen-because it takes less to achieve--therefore has the highest potency Effiacy - CORRECT ANSWER-the expression of the maximum effect a drug can produce Therapeutic index - CORRECT ANSWER-the ratio between the toxic and therapeutic concentrations of a drug Placebo - CORRECT ANSWER-tablets or capsules that contain no active ingredient Six steps of prescribing medication - CORRECT ANSWER-Define patients problem specify the therapeutic objective choose a treatment start the treatment educate the patient monitor effectiveness Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1906 - CORRECT ANSWER-the first federal law designed to protect the public by restricting the manufacturer and distribution of drugs Orphan Drug Act of 1983 - CORRECT ANSWER-fosters orphan drug development for diseases so rare that the usual approval process would take decades to complete