Summary Nr 565 Quizlet Flashcards for Final Exam

Nr 565 Quizlet Flashcards for Final Exam Bacterostatic kills the bacteria bacteriocidal kills the bacteria and stops the growth or spread of the infection Bacteriostatic drugs clindamycin macrolides sulfonamides tetracyclines Bactericidal drugs ahminoglycosides beta-lactums fluroquinolones Metronidazole Streptogramins vancomycin anti-microbial resistance 1.) not knowing if the pt had recent use of antibiotics 2.) provider overuse of broad=spectrum antibiotics 3.) not performing susceptibility testing 4.) Age younger than 2 years or older than 65 years 5.) Daycare center attendance 6.) Exposure to young children 7.) Multiple medical co-morbidities 8.) Immunosuppression subclasses of Beta-lactams PCNS natural PCNS aminopenicillins anti-staphylococcal PCNs extended Spectrum PCNs Pharmacodynamics of Beta-lactam PCNs inhibit biosynthesis of bacterial wall (beta-lactam ring) 1st line therapy for Strep illin V 1st line therapy for all bites Amoxicillin/Clavulanate (Augmentin) Natural PCN's, Drugs Penicillin V potassium (ledercillin) Penicillin G sodium (PCN G-Na) Penicillin G procaine (Duracillin) Penicillin G benzathine (Permapen) Penicillin G potassium (Pfizerpen) Natural PCNs active against aerobic gram (+) organisms Aminopenicillins active against Gram (-) organisms Aminopenicillins Drugs Amoxicillin Ampicillin Combinations: Amoxicillin-clavulanate (Augmentin) 1st lines therapy for acute otitis media (AOM) & sinusitis Amoxicillin When aminopenicillins are combined with beta-lactamase inhibitors their spectrum in broadened beta-lactamase inhibitors that can be combined with aminopenicillins clavulanate, sulbactam, & tazobactam Penicillinase-resistant penicillins drugs Nafcillin Oxacillin Cloxacillin Dicloxacillin Methicillin Penicillinase-resistant penicillins active against Streptococcus, MSSA, some coagulase- negative staphylococci, peptostreptococcus Anti-pseudomonal penicillin drugs piperacillin ticarcillin combination: piperacillin/taxobactam ticarcillin/clavulanate Anti-pseudomonal penicillins active against gram (-) organisms 1st generation cephalosporins drugs Cephradine (Anspor) Cefazolin (ancef) Cefadroxil (Duricef) Cephalexin (keflex) 2nd generation cephalosporins drugs Cefuroxime sodium (Zinacef) Cefuroxime (Ceftin) Cefaclor Cefprozil Cefotetan (Cefotetan) Cefoxitin (Mefoxin) 3rd generation cephalosporins drugs Cefdinir (Omincef) Cefpodoxime (Vantin) Cefotaxime (Celizox) Ceftazidime Fortax) Ceftriaxone (Rocephin) Cedax Cefixime (Suprax) 4th generation cephalosporins drugs Cefepime (Maxipime) 1st generation cephalosporins active against gram (+) cocci 2nd generation cephalosporins active againstgram (+) increased activity for H. influenzae bateroides fragilis 3rd generation cephalosporins active against uncommon gram (-) organisms 4th generation cephalosporins active against primarily Gram (+) and but also Gram (-) which cephalosporins are best against gram (+) organisms cefdinir & cefpodoxime ADR for cephalosporins serum sickness seizure coagulation abnormalities indications for cephalosporins exacerbation of chronic bronchitis AOM (when amoxicillin fails) Sinusitis Pharmacodynamics of cephalosporins inhibit synthesis of bacterial cell wall Fluoroquinolone older drugs cipofloxacin (cipro) norfloxacin (noroxin) ofloacin (flovin) Fluoroquinolones new drugs gemifloxacin (factive) levofloxacin (levaquin) moxifloxacin (avelox) fluoroquinolones active against Gram (-) organisms Pharmacodynamics of fluoroquinolines Interferes with DNA synthesis leading to inability to divide and ultimately, cell death Fluoroquinolones indications PNA sinusitis UTI proctitis bronchitis skin, joint infections Travelers diarrhea (!st line therapy) black box warning for fluoroquinolones tendon rupture macrolide drugs erythromycin clarithromycin dirithromycin azithromycin telithromycin Pharmacodynamics of macrolides Interferes with steps involves in protein synthesis thereby rendering cell division non-functional macrolides are active against gram (+) organisms & gram (-) organisms Macrolide indications CAP (DOC) legionella PNA (DOC) pertussis chronic bronchitis chlamydia H. pylori Group A Strep mycobacterium avium complex endocarditis prophylaxis Macrolide drug interactions CYP450 & 3A4 inhibitors statins theophylline colchicine carbamazepine sulfonamide drugs sulfasalazine mafenide silver sulfasalazine combinations: trimethoprim/sulamethoxazole (Bactrim) sulfonamide drugs active against Grams (+) & Gram (-)