NURSING FUNDAMENTALS REVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

1) Tell whether the following statement is true or false. In the beginning of civilization, the role of the physician was carried out by the medicine man and the nurse was the mother who cared for her family during sickness. Answer: A. True. Rationale: In the beginning of civilization, The physician was the medicine man who treated disease by chanting, inspiring fear, or opening the skull to release evil spirits. The nurse usually was the mother who cared for her family during sickness by providing physical care and herbal remedies. 2) A hospital nurse works collaboratively with a physician, social worker, physical therapist, and home health care nurse to provide nursing care for a patient following an MVA. What should be the central focus of this care? Answer: D. The patient Rationale: The central focus in all definitions of nursing is the patient (person receiving care), which includes the physical, emotional, social, and spiritual dimensions of that person. Nursing is no longer considered to be concerned primarily with illness care. 3) A nurse who uses critical thinking skills to develop a nursing care plan for an expectant mother of triplets is said to be using which skill? Answer: A. Cognitive Rationale: Cognitive skills involve thinking about the nature of things sufficiently to make decisions regarding care. Technical skills enable nurses to manipulate equipment to produce a desired outcome. Interpersonal skills involve caring relationships. Ethical/legal skills enable nurses to conduct themselves morally and professionally. 4) Tell whether the following statement is true or false. A nurse who explains a surgical procedure to a patient in order to obtain informed consent is fulfilling the role of counselor. Answer: B. False. Rationale: A nurse who explains a surgical procedure to a patient in order to obtain informed consent is fulfilling the role of advocate. 5) Which of the following establishes criteria for the education and licensure of nurses? Answer: B. Nurse practice acts Rationale: Nurse practice acts regulate the practice of nursing, including education and licensure. Nursing process is a guideline for nursing practice, enabling nurses to implement their roles. ANA standards of nursing practice protect and allow nurses to carry out professional roles. The National League of Nursing fosters the development and improvement of nursing services. Chapter 2 1) Tell whether the following statement is true or false. Traditional and authoritative knowledge are practical to implement, but are often based on subjective data, limiting their usefulness in a wide variety of settings. Answer: True 2) Which of the following is a series of actions, changes, or functions intended to bring about a desired result? Answer: A. Process Rationale: A process is a series of actions, changes, or functions to bring about a desired result taking systematic steps. A science implies a body of knowledge. A philosophy is the study of wisdom, fundamental knowledge, and the processes used to develop a perception of life. A theory is composed of a group of concepts that describe a pattern of reality. 3) A nurse who tests a nursing theory by examining the theory itself and then considering the specific actions or ideas is using deductive reasoning. Answer: A. True Rationale: A nurse who tests a nursing theory by examining the theory itself and then considering the specific actions or ideas is using deductive reasoning. 4) Which of the following is the central theme in theoretical frameworks of nursing? Answer: A. The person receiving the care Rationale: Theoretical frameworks of nursing provide a focus for nursing care activities. The person receiving care is the central theme, but the way each theorist defines that person, the environment, health, and nursing gives a unique focus, specific to a particular theory. 5) The basis of phenomenology is the discovery of how people describe their own reality and how their beliefs are related to their actions in a social scene.