11/16/23, 2:34 PM Chapter 17- Midterm 2 Testbank Campbell Biology
Campbell Biology, Cdn. Ed., 2e (Reece et al.)
Chapter 17 From Gene to Protein
1) Which of the following variations on translation would be most disadvantageous for a cell?
A) translating polypeptides directly from DNA
B) using fewer kinds of tRNA
C) having only one stop codon
D) lengthening the half-life of mRNA
E) having a second codon (besides AUG) as a start codon
Answer: A
Type: MC
Topic: Concept 17.1
Skill: Application/Analysis
2) Garrod hypothesized that "inborn errors of metabolism" such as alkaptonuria occur because
A) metabolic enzymes require vitamin cofactors, and affected individuals have significant
nutritional deficiencies.
B) enzymes are made of DNA, and affected individuals lack DNA polymerase.
C) many metabolic enzymes use DNA as a cofactor, and affected individuals have mutations that
prevent their enzymes from interacting efficiently with DNA.
D) certain metabolic reactions are carried out by ribozymes, and affected individuals lack key
splicing factors.
E) genes dictate the production of specific enzymes, and affected individuals have genetic
defects that cause them to lack certain enzymes.
Answer: E
Type: MC
Topic: Concept 17.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
3) How do eukaryotic codons and prokaryotic codons compare?
A) Prokaryotic codons usually contain different bases than those of eukaryotes.
B) Prokaryotic codons usually specify different amino acids than those of eukaryotes.
C) The translation of codons is mediated by tRNAs in eukaryotes, but translation requires no
intermediate molecules such as tRNAs in prokaryotes.
D) Codons are a nearly universal language among all organisms.
E) Eukaryotic codons require ribosomes for translation while prokaryotic codons do not.
Answer: D
Type: MC
Topic: Concept 17.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
1
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,11/16/23, 2:34 PM Chapter 17- Midterm 2 Testbank Campbell Biology
4) The nitrogenous base adenine is found in all members of which group?
A) proteins, triglycerides, and testosterone
B) proteins, ATP, and DNA
C) ATP, RNA, and DNA
D) α glucose, ATP, and DNA
E) proteins, carbohydrates, and ATP
Answer: C
Type: MC
Topic: Concept 17.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
5) A particular triplet of bases in the template strand of DNA is 5' AGT 3'. The corresponding
codon for the mRNA transcribed is
A) 3' UCA 5'.
B) 3' UGA 5'.
C) 5' TCA 3'.
D) 3' ACU 5'.
E) either UCA or TCA, depending on wobble in the first base.
Answer: A
Type: MC
Topic: Concept 17.1
Skill: Application/Analysis
6) The genetic code is essentially the same for all organisms. From this, one can logically assume
which of the following?
A) A gene from an organism can theoretically be expressed by any other organism.
B) All organisms have experienced convergent evolution.
C) DNA was the first genetic material.
D) The same codons in different organisms translate into the different amino acids.
E) Different organisms have different numbers of different types of amino acids.
Answer: A
Type: MC
Topic: Concept 17.1
Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation
2
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,11/16/23, 2:34 PM Chapter 17- Midterm 2 Testbank Campbell Biology
7) The "universal" genetic code is now known to have exceptions. Evidence for this can be found
if which of the following is true?
A) If UGA, usually a stop codon, is found to code for an amino acid such as tryptophan (usually
coded for by UGG only).
B) If one stop codon, such as UGA, is found to have a different effect on translation than another
stop codon, such as UAA.
C) If prokaryotic organisms are able to translate a eukaryotic mRNA and produce the same
polypeptide.
D) If several codons are found to translate to the same amino acid, such as serine.
E) If a single mRNA molecule is found to translate to more than one polypeptide when there are
two or more AUG sites.
Answer: A
Type: MC
Topic: Concept 17.1
Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation
8) Which of the following nucleotide triplets best represents a codon?
A) a triplet separated spatially from other triplets
B) a triplet that has no corresponding amino acid
C) a triplet at the opposite end of tRNA from the attachment site of the amino acid
D) a triplet in the same reading frame as an upstream AUG
E) a sequence in tRNA at the 3' end
Answer: D
Type: MC
Topic: Concept 17.1
Skill: Application/Analysis
9) Which of the following provides some evidence that RNA probably evolved before DNA?
A) RNA polymerase uses DNA as a template.
B) RNA polymerase makes a single-stranded molecule.
C) RNA polymerase does not require localized unwinding of the DNA.
D) DNA polymerase uses primer, usually made of RNA.
E) DNA polymerase has proofreading function.
Answer: D
Type: MC
Topic: Concept 17.2
Skill: Application/Analysis
3
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, 11/16/23, 2:34 PM Chapter 17- Midterm 2 Testbank Campbell Biology
10) Which of the following statements best describes the termination of transcription in
prokaryotes?
A) RNA polymerase transcribes through the polyadenylation signal, causing proteins to associate
with the transcript and cut it free from the polymerase.
B) RNA polymerase transcribes through the terminator sequence, causing the polymerase to
separate from the DNA and release the transcript.
C) RNA polymerase transcribes through an intron, and the snRNPs cause the polymerase to let
go of the transcript.
D) Once transcription has initiated, RNA polymerase transcribes until it reaches the end of the
chromosome.
E) RNA polymerase transcribes through a stop codon, causing the polymerase to stop advancing
through the gene and release the mRNA.
Answer: B
Type: MC
Topic: Concept 17.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
11) Which of the following does not occur in prokaryotic gene expression, but does in eukaryotic
gene expression?
A) mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA are transcribed.
B) RNA polymerase binds to the promoter.
C) A poly-A tail is added to the 3' end of an mRNA and a cap is added to the 5' end.
D) Transcription can begin as soon as translation has begun even a little.
E) RNA polymerase requires a primer to elongate the molecule.
Answer: C
Type: MC
Topic: Concept 17.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
12) Which of the following is a function of a poly-A signal sequence?
A) It adds the poly-A tail to the 3' end of the mRNA.
B) It codes for a sequence in eukaryotic transcripts that signals enzymatic cleavage ~10-35
nucleotides away.
C) It allows the 3' end of the mRNA to attach to the ribosome.
D) It is a sequence that codes for the hydrolysis of the RNA polymerase.
E) It adds a 7-methylguanosine cap to the 3' end of the mRNA.
Answer: B
Type: MC
Topic: Concept 17.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
4
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Campbell Biology, Cdn. Ed., 2e (Reece et al.)
Chapter 17 From Gene to Protein
1) Which of the following variations on translation would be most disadvantageous for a cell?
A) translating polypeptides directly from DNA
B) using fewer kinds of tRNA
C) having only one stop codon
D) lengthening the half-life of mRNA
E) having a second codon (besides AUG) as a start codon
Answer: A
Type: MC
Topic: Concept 17.1
Skill: Application/Analysis
2) Garrod hypothesized that "inborn errors of metabolism" such as alkaptonuria occur because
A) metabolic enzymes require vitamin cofactors, and affected individuals have significant
nutritional deficiencies.
B) enzymes are made of DNA, and affected individuals lack DNA polymerase.
C) many metabolic enzymes use DNA as a cofactor, and affected individuals have mutations that
prevent their enzymes from interacting efficiently with DNA.
D) certain metabolic reactions are carried out by ribozymes, and affected individuals lack key
splicing factors.
E) genes dictate the production of specific enzymes, and affected individuals have genetic
defects that cause them to lack certain enzymes.
Answer: E
Type: MC
Topic: Concept 17.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
3) How do eukaryotic codons and prokaryotic codons compare?
A) Prokaryotic codons usually contain different bases than those of eukaryotes.
B) Prokaryotic codons usually specify different amino acids than those of eukaryotes.
C) The translation of codons is mediated by tRNAs in eukaryotes, but translation requires no
intermediate molecules such as tRNAs in prokaryotes.
D) Codons are a nearly universal language among all organisms.
E) Eukaryotic codons require ribosomes for translation while prokaryotic codons do not.
Answer: D
Type: MC
Topic: Concept 17.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
1
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,11/16/23, 2:34 PM Chapter 17- Midterm 2 Testbank Campbell Biology
4) The nitrogenous base adenine is found in all members of which group?
A) proteins, triglycerides, and testosterone
B) proteins, ATP, and DNA
C) ATP, RNA, and DNA
D) α glucose, ATP, and DNA
E) proteins, carbohydrates, and ATP
Answer: C
Type: MC
Topic: Concept 17.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
5) A particular triplet of bases in the template strand of DNA is 5' AGT 3'. The corresponding
codon for the mRNA transcribed is
A) 3' UCA 5'.
B) 3' UGA 5'.
C) 5' TCA 3'.
D) 3' ACU 5'.
E) either UCA or TCA, depending on wobble in the first base.
Answer: A
Type: MC
Topic: Concept 17.1
Skill: Application/Analysis
6) The genetic code is essentially the same for all organisms. From this, one can logically assume
which of the following?
A) A gene from an organism can theoretically be expressed by any other organism.
B) All organisms have experienced convergent evolution.
C) DNA was the first genetic material.
D) The same codons in different organisms translate into the different amino acids.
E) Different organisms have different numbers of different types of amino acids.
Answer: A
Type: MC
Topic: Concept 17.1
Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation
2
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about:blank 2/35
,11/16/23, 2:34 PM Chapter 17- Midterm 2 Testbank Campbell Biology
7) The "universal" genetic code is now known to have exceptions. Evidence for this can be found
if which of the following is true?
A) If UGA, usually a stop codon, is found to code for an amino acid such as tryptophan (usually
coded for by UGG only).
B) If one stop codon, such as UGA, is found to have a different effect on translation than another
stop codon, such as UAA.
C) If prokaryotic organisms are able to translate a eukaryotic mRNA and produce the same
polypeptide.
D) If several codons are found to translate to the same amino acid, such as serine.
E) If a single mRNA molecule is found to translate to more than one polypeptide when there are
two or more AUG sites.
Answer: A
Type: MC
Topic: Concept 17.1
Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation
8) Which of the following nucleotide triplets best represents a codon?
A) a triplet separated spatially from other triplets
B) a triplet that has no corresponding amino acid
C) a triplet at the opposite end of tRNA from the attachment site of the amino acid
D) a triplet in the same reading frame as an upstream AUG
E) a sequence in tRNA at the 3' end
Answer: D
Type: MC
Topic: Concept 17.1
Skill: Application/Analysis
9) Which of the following provides some evidence that RNA probably evolved before DNA?
A) RNA polymerase uses DNA as a template.
B) RNA polymerase makes a single-stranded molecule.
C) RNA polymerase does not require localized unwinding of the DNA.
D) DNA polymerase uses primer, usually made of RNA.
E) DNA polymerase has proofreading function.
Answer: D
Type: MC
Topic: Concept 17.2
Skill: Application/Analysis
3
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, 11/16/23, 2:34 PM Chapter 17- Midterm 2 Testbank Campbell Biology
10) Which of the following statements best describes the termination of transcription in
prokaryotes?
A) RNA polymerase transcribes through the polyadenylation signal, causing proteins to associate
with the transcript and cut it free from the polymerase.
B) RNA polymerase transcribes through the terminator sequence, causing the polymerase to
separate from the DNA and release the transcript.
C) RNA polymerase transcribes through an intron, and the snRNPs cause the polymerase to let
go of the transcript.
D) Once transcription has initiated, RNA polymerase transcribes until it reaches the end of the
chromosome.
E) RNA polymerase transcribes through a stop codon, causing the polymerase to stop advancing
through the gene and release the mRNA.
Answer: B
Type: MC
Topic: Concept 17.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
11) Which of the following does not occur in prokaryotic gene expression, but does in eukaryotic
gene expression?
A) mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA are transcribed.
B) RNA polymerase binds to the promoter.
C) A poly-A tail is added to the 3' end of an mRNA and a cap is added to the 5' end.
D) Transcription can begin as soon as translation has begun even a little.
E) RNA polymerase requires a primer to elongate the molecule.
Answer: C
Type: MC
Topic: Concept 17.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
12) Which of the following is a function of a poly-A signal sequence?
A) It adds the poly-A tail to the 3' end of the mRNA.
B) It codes for a sequence in eukaryotic transcripts that signals enzymatic cleavage ~10-35
nucleotides away.
C) It allows the 3' end of the mRNA to attach to the ribosome.
D) It is a sequence that codes for the hydrolysis of the RNA polymerase.
E) It adds a 7-methylguanosine cap to the 3' end of the mRNA.
Answer: B
Type: MC
Topic: Concept 17.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
4
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