Atls Exam Questions And Answers 2023/2024

ATLS EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2023/2024 Predominant cause of preventable deaths after injury - CORRECT ANSWERHemorrhage Causes of shock - CORRECT ANSWER-1) Tension pneumothorax 2) Hypotension following injury due to blood loss Sigs of hypovolemia - CORRECT ANSWER--Ashen, gray facial skin and pale extremities -Rapid, thready pulse -Altered LOC (impaired cerebral perfusion) Most common origin of shock associated with injury - CORRECT ANSWERHypovolemic shock Treatment of hypovolemic shock - CORRECT ANSWER-1) Warmed IV fluid therapy with crystalloids (37-40C or 98.6-104F) with bolus of 1L of isotonic solution 2) Blood transfusion The ________ score of the GCS correlates with outcome. - CORRECT ANSWER-Motor Until proven otherwise, alway presume that changes in level of consciousness are a result of.... - CORRECT ANSWER-central nervous system injury Optimal temperature for warmed crystalloid IV fluids - CORRECT ANSWER-39C or 102.2F Physiologic parameters that reflect adequacy of resuscitation - CORRECT ANSWERPulse rate, BP, pulse pressure, ventilatory rate, ABG levels, body temperature and urinary output Capnography - CORRECT ANSWER-Confirm intubation of the airway (NOT the proper placement of tube) Measures concentration of CO2 in expired air over time Provides insight into patient's ventilation, circulation and metabolism ABG levels that indicate shock - CORRECT ANSWER-Low pH and base excess levels Urethral injury - CORRECT ANSWER-PE findings: presence of blood at urethral meatus or perineal ecchymosis Transurethral bladder catheterization is CI Perform retrograde urethrogram to confirm urethral integrity before the catheter is inserted Findings of cardiac tamponade - CORRECT ANSWER-Distant heart sounds Decreased pulse pressure Distended neck veins Hyperresonance to percussion Auscultation of chest for pneumothorax vs. hemothorax - CORRECT ANSWERPneumothorax: high on anterior chest wall Hemothorax: at posterior bases Signs of a pelvic fracture - CORRECT ANSWER-Ecchymosis over iliac wings, pubis, labia or scrotum Pain on palpation of pelvic ring Injuries with a high risk of development of compartment syndrome - CORRECT ANSWER-Long bone fractures Crush injuries Prolonged ischemia Circumferential thermal injuries Produces joint instability - CORRECT ANSWER-Ligament ruptures Interferes with active motion of affected structures - CORRECT ANSWER-Muscle tendon unit injuries Triad for laryngeal fractures - CORRECT ANSWER-Hoarseness Subcutaneous emphysema Palpable fracture Most common cause of shock in a trauma patient - CORRECT ANSWER-Hemorrhage Earliest measurable circulatory sign of shock (in most cases) - CORRECT ANSWERTachycardia, cutaneous vasoconstriction (cool to touch) Contraindicated in management of hemorrhagic shock - CORRECT ANSWERVasopressors (worsen tissue perfusion) Compensatory mechanisms can prevent a measurable fall in systolic pressure until up to ______ of a patient's blood volume is lost. - CORRECT ANSWER-30% Diagnosis of tachycardia by age - CORRECT ANSWER-Infant: 160 Pre-school age: 140 School age to puberty: 120 Adult: 100 May limit body's ability to increase HR - CORRECT ANSWER-Use of beta-adrenergic blocking agents Elderly: limited cardiac response to catecholamine stimulation Presence of pacemaker Normal blood volume of adult Normal blood volume of child - CORRECT ANSWER-Adult: ~ 7% of body weight Child: ~ 8-9% of body weight Fractured tibia or humerus can result in ______ loss of blood Fractured femur can result in ______ loss of blood - CORRECT ANSWERTibia/humerus: 750mL Femur: 1500mL Initial isotonic fluid amount given to shock patients based on weight - CORRECT ANSWER- 40 kg: 20mL/kg Adult: 1L Prime indicator of resuscitation and patient response - CORRECT ANSWER-Urinary output Adequate urinary output in patients receiving volume replacement during resuscitation - CORRECT ANSWER- 1 year old: 2 mL/kg/hr Pediatric: 1 mL/kg/hr Adult: 0.5 mL/kg/hr Do not use ___________ to treat metabolic acidosis from hypovolemic shock - CORRECT ANSWER-Sodium bicarbonate Required treatment in transient responders or nonresponders to initial shock management - CORRECT ANSWER-Type O pRBCs (if crossmated blood unavailable) AB plasma Rh-negative pRBCs preferred in females of child-bearing age Heated temperature of infused crystalloid fluids to prevent hypothermia - CORRECT