HemoDialysis Bonnet Exam questions with complete solutions verified 100%

HemoDialysis Bonnet Exam questions with complete solutions verified 100% Osmosis - movement of fluid across a semipermeable membrane from an area of lower concentration to higher concentration Diffusion - movement of dissolved particles across a semipermeable membrane from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration Ultrafiltration - water is removed from blood because there is pressure gradient across the membrane Ultrafiltration Rate - The rate at which fluid moves from blood into the dialysate through the semipermeable membrane Calculation for Ultraflitration rate - dividing the amount of fluid to be removed by the minutes of tx time Transmembrane Pressure (TMP) - The pressure across the dialyzer membrane(Blood compartment plus dialysate compartment pressure) In dialyzer reprocessing this chemical is used for disenfection - Paracetic Acid Amount of time water must stay in contact with charcoal in carbon tanks in order to allow chlorine and chlormaines to be removed - Empty Bed Contact Time Minimum number of minutes of contact time in carbon tanks - 10 or 5 in each tank Diabetes - Number one cause for CKD Intrarenal Failure - Renal failure due to injury to the kidneys Example of Intrarenal failure - Blow to kidneys, drug/poison, glomeruolnephritis Postrenal Failure - when a blockage causes urine to back up and harm the kidneys Example of Postrenal failure - Enlarged prostate, Stones, Kinked Ureter Prerenal failure - when kidneys dont get enough blood Example of Prerenal failure - Trauma Severe dehydration, heart disease Two hormones the kidneys produce - Erythroprotein, Calcitriol Erythropoietin - triggers bone marrow to make red blood cells Calcitriol - Controls the balance of calcium/phosphorus Location of the kidneys - In the back of the body above the waste Size and weight of the kidneys - the size of a fist, and 5 oz The dialyzers semipermeable membrane - alows some substances such as wastes and excess water out but keeps others such as blood in Access for pd is through a - catheter where is the catheter placed in a pd pt - abdomen what acts as a filter in pd - lining of the abdomen Dialysis Disequilibrium Syndrome - caused by the rapid removal of urea during hemodialysis; Dialysis Disequilibrium Syndrome Signs/Symptoms - Headache, blurred vision, Restlessness, confused, tremors, convulsions, seizures, coma, death Back flow prevention device - Stops water from the tx system from flowing back into the feed water Large Amounts of aluminum in water can cause - Bone Disease How often should the ro operating parameters be checked - Daily What is added to municipal water supply to make it clearer - alum Depthflitration - measuring pressure before and after filter water softner - softens hard water by taking out some of the magnesium and calcium that form the scale booster pump - used to increase water flow or pressure Carbon Tank - Contains granular activated charcoal that abosrobs low molecular weight from particles carbon tanks are used to - remove chlorine and chloramine the first carbon tank is called the - worker The second carbon tank is called the - polisher blending valve - mixes the water to remain at 77-82 degrees What is not a characteristic of a dialyzer - capacity contamination of water by bacteria/endotoxins maybe cause what kind of reaction - pyrogenic Ro Water quality - % rejection product of water quality % rejection greater then 80% Convection - when molecules of a dissolved substance are dragged along in a solvent that passes through a semipermeable membrane Ro Machine Operating Parameters - water pressure divided by flow at various locations throughout the system CCPD - Continuous Cycling Pertinoel Dialysis Intravascular Fluid Compartment - Blood inside the blood vessels In which direction should the venous needle be placed - Antegrade endocrine functions of the kidney - making erythropoietin and active form of vitamin d A solution - combination of a solvent and a solute minimum number of months of experience needed before you can take the exam - 12 First artifical kidney was developed when - 1943 who deveolped the first artifical kidney - Willelm Kolff The primary cause of the anemia of esrd - Erythropoietin de