WGU SLO1 Phonetics and Phonology Study Guide 2024

Phonetic alphabet - alphabetical symbols used to represent the phonetic segments of speech, in which there is a one-to-one relationship between sound and symbol Allomorph - alternate phonetic forms of a morpheme; this is language dependent; two phonemes can be allomorphs in one language but not in another Diacritics - additional markings on written symbols to specify various phonetic properties such as length, tone, stress, nasalization; extra marks added to a written character that change its usual value Orthography - the written form of a language; the way we write our language down Glottis - the opening between the vocal cords Glottal/glottal stop - sounds produced with constriction of the glottis; when the air is completely stopped at the glottis by tightly closed vocal cords (happy, heat, mint, heart, light, vibrate, got, that, it) Obstruent - the class of sounds consisting of nonnasal stops, fricatives, and affricates; commonly found in voiceless-voiced pairs like /s/ and /z/ (thing, Asia, then, she) Sonorant - the class of sounds that includes vowels, glides, liquids, and nasals; nonobstruents; always voiced Suprasegmental - prosodic features (length, tone)—stress, melody Manner of articulation - the way the airstream is obstructed as it travels through the vocal tract (stop, nasal, affricate, etc.) Place of articulation - the part of the vocal tract at which constriction occurs during the production of speech sounds Bilabial - sounds made by bringing the lips together (bump, purse, rap, back, cab, clam, mad) Labiodental - sounds made by touching the bottom lip to the upper teeth (of, have, favor) Alveolar - sounds made by raising the tongue to the alveolar ridge (tow, zap, sap)