FRESENIUS NEW HIRE, EXAM STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS

What are the functions of a healthy kidney? - Removal of waste products (creatinine, urea, and uric acid). Regulate fluid, acid base, and electrolytes. What are the anatomical structures of the urinary system in order of urine flow? - (2) Kidneys (2) Ureters (1) Bladder (1) Urethra Which of the functions of healthy kidneys are replaced by dialysis? - Removal of waste products, and Regulation of fluid balance What is the function of renin? - hormone produced by the kidneys with important effects on regulation of the blood pressure, and on sodium, and potassium balance What is homeostasis? - Steady internal state of equilibrium in the body. Intracellular - Inside the cells Intravascular - inside the blood vessels Extracellular - outside the cells Interstitial - between the cells What are the body fluid compartments? - Intracellular, Extracellular, Intravascular, Interstitial What is hemodialysis? (HD) - Outpatient setting Peritoneal Dialysis (PD) - Patient's home What factors impact the rate of diffusion ? - Concentration Gradient, Temperature, Molecular weight of solutes, Nature of the solution, Membrane Permeability, Surface area, Flow Geometry Convection What are three types of solutions? - Hypotonic, Isotonic, Hypertonic What is hypotonic? - Containing less particles What is Isotonic? - Containing equal particles What is Hypertonic? - Containing more particles Countercurrent Flow is? - Blood and Dialysate flow in opposite directions What happens to diffusion when dialyzer fibers clot? - either from inadequate heparinization or an improperly primed dialyzer, diffusion is decreased. What are the compartments of a dialyzer? - Blood compartment, dialysate compartment What separates the dialyzer compartments? - There is potting material on both ends of the dialyzer to assure separation of the blood and dialysate What volume should be used for fresh fill? - MUST be performed prior to the initiation of every treatment What position should the dialyzer be in during hemodialysis? - Arterial end up during treatment What should be checked on a dialyzer before machine set up? - Sterilization, any structural damage, size, and brand ordered by the physician What are electrolytes? - Charged particles that can conduct an electrical current. Electrolytes found in dialysate are - Sodium (Na+) Potassium (K+) Calcium (Ca++) Magnesium (Mg++) Chloride (Cl-) What is pH? - pH= to 7; acid and base ions are equal. Normal blood pH is - 7.35- 7.45 Four ways dialysate is checked to ensure that is it safe? - Check pH, Conductivity, monitoring the machine temperature, and a negative residual chlorine (bleach)