Advanced Patho Midterm questions and answers 2023
What is the probable cause of cellular swelling in the early stages of cell injury? -
correct answer ✅Na-K pump fails to remove intracellular Na+
The mechanism for liver damage related to chronic alcoholism is: - correct answer
✅Oxidative stress.
Free radicals cause damage by: - correct answer ✅Giving up on electron, which
cause injury to the chemical bonds of the cell membrane.
The loss of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) during ischemia causes cells to: - correct
answer ✅Swell because of the influx of sodium chloride.
During cellular injury, when the membrane becomes damaged, what is the
mechanism of cell injury? - correct answer ✅Loss of permeability.
When a person experiences a myocardial infarction, how long before anaerobic
metabolism ceases? - correct answer ✅3-4 minutes.
Left calf being smaller than right calf when a cast is removed is an example of: -
correct answer ✅Atrophy. Advanced Patho Midterm questions and answers 2023
A young female becomes agitated and apprehensive, and she eventually loses
consciousness. At the hospital ER, the following lab values were obtained:
-Plasma Sodium 137
-Plasma Potassium 5.0
-pH 7.53
-Serum Co2 22
-Plasma Bicarb 24
What is her immediate diagnosis? - correct answer ✅Respiratory alkalosis.
What would not shift blood toward pH alkalosis?
-Hydrogen ion secretion into urine
-Exhalation of carbon dioxide
-All of the above would
-None of the above would - correct answer ✅All of the above.
A 76 y/o man was brought to an urgent care facility when he fell after sitting for
prolonged period of time. He is slow to answer questions, has muscle weakness
and cramping, and constipated. He had diarrhea for three weeks. On exam: neck Advanced Patho Midterm questions and answers 2023
veins flat, BP low in supine, HR 110, pulse weak + regular, resps 20 but deep. Labs:
Na+ 142, K 2.8.
-What fluid imbalance does he have and why? - correct answer ✅Isotonic fluid
deficit. (Diarrhea x 3 weeks, orthostatic hypotension, tachycardia, weak pulse and
low BP on supine.
A 76 y/o man was brought to an urgent care facility when he fell after sitting for
prolonged period of time. He is slow to answer questions, has muscle weakness
and cramping, and constipated. He had diarrhea for three weeks. On exam: neck
veins flat, BP low in supine, HR 110, pulse weak + regular, resps 20 but deep. Labs:
Na+ 142, K 2.8.
-What imbalance is indicated based on lab results? What clinical manifestations
are noted based on this imbalance? - correct answer ✅Hypokalemia. (Muscle
weakness and constipation).
A 76 y/o man was brought to an urgent care facility when he fell after sitting for
prolonged period of time. He is slow to answer questions, has muscle weakness
and cramping, and constipated. He had diarrhea for three weeks. On exam: neck Advanced Patho Midterm questions and answers 2023
veins flat, BP low in supine, HR 110, pulse weak + regular, resps 20 but deep. Labs:
Na+ 142, K 2.8.
-Hey may have had an acid-base imbalance. Which one? What part of the history
would support this imbalance? - correct answer ✅Metabolic acidosis. History of
diarrhea and muscle cramping.
A 76 y/o man was brought to an urgent care facility when he fell after sitting for
prolonged period of time. He is slow to answer questions, has muscle weakness
and cramping, and constipated. He had diarrhea for three weeks. On exam: neck
veins flat, BP low in supine, HR 110, pulse weak + regular, resps 20 but deep. Labs:
Na+ 142, K 2.8.
-He was given IV isotonic NS with appropriate electrolytes in it. What was the
purpose of administering this particular fluid at the cellular level? - correct
answer ✅Isotonic sodium containing fluid will expand the extracellular fluid
volume which will correct the deficit.
True or false: Neutrophils are the predominate phagocyte of early inflammation. -
correct answer ✅True.
What is the probable cause of cellular swelling in the early stages of cell injury? -
correct answer ✅Na-K pump fails to remove intracellular Na+
The mechanism for liver damage related to chronic alcoholism is: - correct answer
✅Oxidative stress.
Free radicals cause damage by: - correct answer ✅Giving up on electron, which
cause injury to the chemical bonds of the cell membrane.
The loss of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) during ischemia causes cells to: - correct
answer ✅Swell because of the influx of sodium chloride.
During cellular injury, when the membrane becomes damaged, what is the
mechanism of cell injury? - correct answer ✅Loss of permeability.
When a person experiences a myocardial infarction, how long before anaerobic
metabolism ceases? - correct answer ✅3-4 minutes.
Left calf being smaller than right calf when a cast is removed is an example of: -
correct answer ✅Atrophy. Advanced Patho Midterm questions and answers 2023
A young female becomes agitated and apprehensive, and she eventually loses
consciousness. At the hospital ER, the following lab values were obtained:
-Plasma Sodium 137
-Plasma Potassium 5.0
-pH 7.53
-Serum Co2 22
-Plasma Bicarb 24
What is her immediate diagnosis? - correct answer ✅Respiratory alkalosis.
What would not shift blood toward pH alkalosis?
-Hydrogen ion secretion into urine
-Exhalation of carbon dioxide
-All of the above would
-None of the above would - correct answer ✅All of the above.
A 76 y/o man was brought to an urgent care facility when he fell after sitting for
prolonged period of time. He is slow to answer questions, has muscle weakness
and cramping, and constipated. He had diarrhea for three weeks. On exam: neck Advanced Patho Midterm questions and answers 2023
veins flat, BP low in supine, HR 110, pulse weak + regular, resps 20 but deep. Labs:
Na+ 142, K 2.8.
-What fluid imbalance does he have and why? - correct answer ✅Isotonic fluid
deficit. (Diarrhea x 3 weeks, orthostatic hypotension, tachycardia, weak pulse and
low BP on supine.
A 76 y/o man was brought to an urgent care facility when he fell after sitting for
prolonged period of time. He is slow to answer questions, has muscle weakness
and cramping, and constipated. He had diarrhea for three weeks. On exam: neck
veins flat, BP low in supine, HR 110, pulse weak + regular, resps 20 but deep. Labs:
Na+ 142, K 2.8.
-What imbalance is indicated based on lab results? What clinical manifestations
are noted based on this imbalance? - correct answer ✅Hypokalemia. (Muscle
weakness and constipation).
A 76 y/o man was brought to an urgent care facility when he fell after sitting for
prolonged period of time. He is slow to answer questions, has muscle weakness
and cramping, and constipated. He had diarrhea for three weeks. On exam: neck Advanced Patho Midterm questions and answers 2023
veins flat, BP low in supine, HR 110, pulse weak + regular, resps 20 but deep. Labs:
Na+ 142, K 2.8.
-Hey may have had an acid-base imbalance. Which one? What part of the history
would support this imbalance? - correct answer ✅Metabolic acidosis. History of
diarrhea and muscle cramping.
A 76 y/o man was brought to an urgent care facility when he fell after sitting for
prolonged period of time. He is slow to answer questions, has muscle weakness
and cramping, and constipated. He had diarrhea for three weeks. On exam: neck
veins flat, BP low in supine, HR 110, pulse weak + regular, resps 20 but deep. Labs:
Na+ 142, K 2.8.
-He was given IV isotonic NS with appropriate electrolytes in it. What was the
purpose of administering this particular fluid at the cellular level? - correct
answer ✅Isotonic sodium containing fluid will expand the extracellular fluid
volume which will correct the deficit.
True or false: Neutrophils are the predominate phagocyte of early inflammation. -
correct answer ✅True.
