C784 MODULE 4 DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS FOR A SINGLE VARIABLE |36 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2023/24

qualitative data Non-numeric information based on some quality or characteristic. mode The most frequent value in a dataset. pie chart A graphical display that shows data in categories as percentages of a circle. quantitative data Data values that are numbers, representing quantities that can be counted or measured. interquartile range The difference, in value, between the bottom and top 25 percent of the sample or population. five-number summary The minimum, first quartile, median, third quartile, and maximum. A box plot represents the five numbers in a five-number summary. stem plot A visual representation of data in which individual data points are plotted to the right of a horizontal line, or chart, and the left shows the interval categories. distribution An arrangement of values that illustrates their frequency or occurrence. statistics The science that deals with the interpretation of numerical facts or data through theories of probability. Also, the numerical facts or data themselves. measure of central tendency A summary measure that is used to describe an entire set of data with one value that represents the middle or center of the data set's distribution. There are three main measures: mean, median, or mode. outlier An observation point that is significantly distant from the other observations in the dataset. bar chart A graph that displays data that is distributed over groups or categories. unimodal A set of data having one mode. center One of three measures that describe what is "normal" in a data set: mean, median, or mode. histogram A graph that displays continuous data in vertical bars that represent intervals of data. range The difference between the maximum and minimum values. dot plot A graphical representation of data that plots the frequency of data along a horizontal line. skewness A measure of the degree to which a probability distribution "leans" toward one side of the average, where the median and mean are not the same. scale The relationship between units and their visual representation on a graph. median The value or quantity lying at the midpoint of a frequency distribution. mean Average, calculated by adding a series of elements in a data set together and dividing by the total number in the series. quartile Values that divide a data set into four equally sized groups. skewed distribution A distribution that is not symmetrical but has a greater quantity of data on one side of the mean. symmetry The quality of the data having the same shape on both sides of the mean. normal distribution A common type of distribution of data points that forms a bell shaped, symmetrical curve around the mean. box plots A graphical rendering of the range and the first and third quartiles of a data set with the data set's median in the center. numerical summary A number used to describe a specific characteristic about a data set. data set Any collection of numerical values, such as measurements, observations, or survey responses. the Standard Deviation Rule A standard proportion or percentage of data points that lie away from the mean for a normal distribution. skewed left A skewed distribution where the long tail of the curve is on the negative side of the peak. standard deviation The measure on average of how far the data points are from the mean. multimodal A description of a data set that has more than two modes. frequency distribution A record of the number of times data occurs within a certain category. skewed right A skewed distribution where the long tail of the curve is on the positive side of the peak. categorical data This type of data, also called qualitative data, consists of data values that can be sorted into groups or categories. bimodal A set of data having two modes.