Pathophysiology Chapter 2- Test Bank
Insensible fluid loss refers to water lost through:
A) perspiration only.
B) feces only.
C) perspiration and expiration.
D) urine and feces. - ANSC
When the osmotic pressure of the blood is elevated above normal, water would shift from the:
A) blood into the cells.
B) interstitial compartment into the cells.
C) interstitial compartment into the blood.
D) cells into the interstitial compartment. - ANSC
Which of the following would result from a deficit of plasma proteins?
A) Increased osmotic pressure
B) Decreased osmotic pressure
C) Increased hydrostatic pressure
D) Decreased hydrostatic pressure - ANSB
Which of the following would cause edema?
A) Decreased capillary hydrostatic pressure
B) Increased capillary osmotic pressure
C) Decreased capillary permeability
D) Increased capillary permeability - ANSD
Which of the following would likely be related to an elevated hematocrit reading?
A) Fluid excess
B) Fluid deficit
C) Increased sodium level
D) Decreased erythrocytes - ANSB
Which of the following is a typical sign of dehydration?
A) Rapid, strong pulse
B) Low hematocrit
C) Increased urine output
D) Rough oral mucosa - ANSD
Which of the following terms refers to a combination of decreased circulating blood volume
combined with excess fluid in a body cavity?
A) Dehydration
B) Third-spacing
, C) Hypovolemia
D) Water retention - ANSB
Which of the following is the primary cation in the extracellular fluid?
A) Sodium
B) Potassium
C) Calcium
D) Iron - ANSA
Which of the following is a common cause of hyponatremia?
A) Loss of the thirst mechanism
B) Excessive sweating
C) Excessive aldosterone secretion
D) Prolonged period of rapid, deep respirations - ANSB
Which of the following is a common effect of both hypokalemia and hyperkalemia?
A) Skeletal muscle twitch and cramps
B) Oliguria
C) Elevated serum pH
D) Cardiac arrhythmias - ANSD
Choose the correct effect of increased parathyroid hormone.
A) Increased movement of calcium ions into the bones
B) Increased activation of vitamin D
C) Increased absorption of calcium from the digestive tract
D) Decreased reabsorption of calcium in the kidneys - ANSC
Which of the following results from hypocalcemia?
1. Low serum phosphate levels
2. Nausea and constipation
3. Skeletal muscle twitch and spasms
4. Weak cardiac contractions
A) 1, 2
B) 1, 4
C) 2, 3
D) 3, 4 - ANSD
Which of the following causes tetany?
A) Increased permeability of nerve membranes due to low serum calcium
B) Excess calcium ions in skeletal muscle due to excess parathyroid hormone (PTH)
C) Excess calcium ions inside somatic nerves as a result of neoplasms
D) Increased stimulation of the nerves in the cerebral cortex - ANSA
Which of the following would be considered normal serum pH?
Insensible fluid loss refers to water lost through:
A) perspiration only.
B) feces only.
C) perspiration and expiration.
D) urine and feces. - ANSC
When the osmotic pressure of the blood is elevated above normal, water would shift from the:
A) blood into the cells.
B) interstitial compartment into the cells.
C) interstitial compartment into the blood.
D) cells into the interstitial compartment. - ANSC
Which of the following would result from a deficit of plasma proteins?
A) Increased osmotic pressure
B) Decreased osmotic pressure
C) Increased hydrostatic pressure
D) Decreased hydrostatic pressure - ANSB
Which of the following would cause edema?
A) Decreased capillary hydrostatic pressure
B) Increased capillary osmotic pressure
C) Decreased capillary permeability
D) Increased capillary permeability - ANSD
Which of the following would likely be related to an elevated hematocrit reading?
A) Fluid excess
B) Fluid deficit
C) Increased sodium level
D) Decreased erythrocytes - ANSB
Which of the following is a typical sign of dehydration?
A) Rapid, strong pulse
B) Low hematocrit
C) Increased urine output
D) Rough oral mucosa - ANSD
Which of the following terms refers to a combination of decreased circulating blood volume
combined with excess fluid in a body cavity?
A) Dehydration
B) Third-spacing
, C) Hypovolemia
D) Water retention - ANSB
Which of the following is the primary cation in the extracellular fluid?
A) Sodium
B) Potassium
C) Calcium
D) Iron - ANSA
Which of the following is a common cause of hyponatremia?
A) Loss of the thirst mechanism
B) Excessive sweating
C) Excessive aldosterone secretion
D) Prolonged period of rapid, deep respirations - ANSB
Which of the following is a common effect of both hypokalemia and hyperkalemia?
A) Skeletal muscle twitch and cramps
B) Oliguria
C) Elevated serum pH
D) Cardiac arrhythmias - ANSD
Choose the correct effect of increased parathyroid hormone.
A) Increased movement of calcium ions into the bones
B) Increased activation of vitamin D
C) Increased absorption of calcium from the digestive tract
D) Decreased reabsorption of calcium in the kidneys - ANSC
Which of the following results from hypocalcemia?
1. Low serum phosphate levels
2. Nausea and constipation
3. Skeletal muscle twitch and spasms
4. Weak cardiac contractions
A) 1, 2
B) 1, 4
C) 2, 3
D) 3, 4 - ANSD
Which of the following causes tetany?
A) Increased permeability of nerve membranes due to low serum calcium
B) Excess calcium ions in skeletal muscle due to excess parathyroid hormone (PTH)
C) Excess calcium ions inside somatic nerves as a result of neoplasms
D) Increased stimulation of the nerves in the cerebral cortex - ANSA
Which of the following would be considered normal serum pH?
