NR 302 Final Exam

NR 302 Final Exam What is the function of skin? Protection from the environment, Regulation of body temperature, Regulation of salt and water balance Lanugo fine downy hair of newborn infant vernix caseosa cheesy substance covering the skin of the fetus linea nigra dark line of pigmentation from the umbilicus extending to the pubic area Chloasma/Melasma pregnancy mask Striae stretch marks The Aging Adult and Skin -skin loses elasticity -thin, dry -sweat/oil glands change Keloid Scar scar that turns raised, dark, purplish, pulls together, painful Alopecia hair loss hirsutism hair where it doesn't belong Pruritis itching Albinism Absence of pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes Vitiligo loss of pigment in areas of the skin ABCDE asymmetry, border, color, diameter, evolution or elevation malignant melanoma most deadly form of skin cancer pallor paleness caused by loss of red-pink tones by oxygenated hemoglobin in blood Where to check for pallor? mucus membranes, conjunctiva, nail beds Erythema redness of the skin Cyanosis bluish discoloration of the skin caused by not enough oxygenated blood flow. Seen in lips, nose, ears, cheeks Jaundice yellowing of the skin and in sclera of eye Diaphoresis profuse sweating Dehydration not enough fluid How to check for dehydration? - check for tenting in the skin for skin turgor Tenting Slow return of the skin to its normal position after being pinched, a sign of either dehydration or aging, or both Skin turgor Measure of hydration, which tests how quickly the skin returns to its normal position after being pinched Best place to test for tenting? clavicle Primary Lesion lesions arising from previously normal skin ex: chicken pox or pimple Secondary Lesion skin lesion that evolves from a primary lesion or that is caused by external forces, such as infection, scratching, trauma, or the healing process Head lice (pediculosis) looks like dandruff, but if you tap the white spots they do not fall off. These are nits Schamroth test put 2 fingers together, see if you can see any light come through. If you can't you have clubbing. Clubbing of Nails finding in the nails that indicates chronic hypoxia 6 months Splinter hemorrhages can be a sign of endocarditis, result of strep throat Spooning in Nails iron deficiency Capillary Refill Test Pressure is applied to the nail bed until it turns white, this indicates that the blood has been forced from the tissue (called blanching) and once the tissue has blanched, pressure is removed. While the patient holds their hand above their heart, the health care provider measures the time it takes for blood to return to the tissue. Return of blood is indicated by the nail turning back to a pink color. Should be less than 3 seconds Mongolian Spots bluish purple spots of hyperpigmentation Cafe au lait spots Birth marks Linear Lesion a scratch, streak, line, or stripe Zosteriform lesion linear arrangement along a unilateral nerve route (herpes zoster) Macule Lesion flat lesion measuring less than 1 cm in diameter EX. freckles, petechiae, measles