WGU D115 patho-Unit 6 renal and urologic systems Questions & Answers 100% Correct

Autoregulation of renal blood flow - ANSWERprevents large changes in GFR when there are increases/decreases in BP; regulated neural and hormonal regulation renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system - ANSWER-decreased blood pressure causes the juxtaglomerular cells of kidneys to secrete renin which converts angiotensinogen (inactive) to angiotensin I (active) which is then converted into angiotensin II by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) -Angiotensin II stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete aldosterone - leads to absorption of Na and increased blood pressure -once blood pressure is restored, there is a decreased drive to stimulate renin release glomerular filtration - ANSWERthe movement of fluid and dilutes across glomerular capillary membrane into the Bowman space tubular reabsorption - ANSWERMovement of fluids and solutes from tubular lumen to the peritubular capillary plasma tubular secretion - ANSWERTransfer of substances from the plasma of the peritubular to the tubular lumen, active and passive transport Excretion - ANSWERElimination of a substance in the final urine Aging and Renal System - ANSWERDecrease: size of kidney, renal blood flow, GFR, number and size of nephrons Increase: glucose in urine, urgency, frequency, nocturia Kidneys are less able to adapt to system changes Creatinine - ANSWERSubstance produced by muscle, is measured in plasma and urine to calculate a commonly used clinical estimate of GFR blood urea nitrogen (BUN) - ANSWERblood test that measures the amount of urea in the blood. An increased BUN detects an abnormality in renal function. BUN is also an indicator of hydration status Common causes of urinary tract obstruction - ANSWERStones, strictures, congenital compression, tumors, and abdominal inflammation neurogenic bladder - ANSWERa urinary problem caused by interference with the normal nerve pathways associated with urination obstructive uropathy - ANSWERanatomic changes in the urinary system caused by obstruction Types of obstructive uropathy - ANSWERUpper urinary: kidney stones, tubulointerstitial fibrosis Lo