SCRN EXAM REVIEW questions and answers 100% verified.

SCRN EXAM REVIEW questions and answers 100% verified. Posterior Cerebral Artery (PCA) - correct answers.Arises from basilar. Supplies Occipital Lobe , Midbrain, Thalamus, Pineal Gland, Choroid Plexus, and Corpus Callosum Symptoms of PCA Stroke - correct answers.-Contralateral Visual Field Homonymous hemianopia -Visual Agnosia (unable to interpret/recognize visual information) - Weber's Syndrome (3rd nerve palsy + contralateral hemiplegia) -Parinaud's Syndrome (Impaired upwards gaze, convergence-retraction nystagmus, primary conjugate downward gaze) Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery (AICA) - correct answers.Feeds anterior inferior parts of the cerebellum Symptoms of AICA Stroke - correct answers.Lateral Pontine Syndrome: vertigo, vomiting, nystagmus, falling towards the side of the lesion, ipsilateral loss of sensation to the face, ipsilateral facial paralysis, ipsilateral hearing loss Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery (PICA) - correct answers.Feeds cerebellum, superior section of the medulla,. Choroid plexus and fourth ventricle Symptoms of PICA Stroke - correct answers.Wallenburg Syndrome (lateral Medullary Syndrome): Loss of pain and temperature sensation in the contralateral trunk and ipsilateral face Basilar Artery - correct answers.An artery, formed by the fusion of the vertebral arteries, that supplies blood to the brainstem (medulla and pons) and to the posterior cerebral arteries. Symptoms of Basilar Artery Stoke - correct answers.Coma, quadriparesis, ataxia, dysarthria, CN dysfunction and visual deficits, Locked in Syndrome, Intranuclear Opthalmoplegia, gaze paresis, Millard Gulber Syndrome CN VI VII damage (diplopia facial weakness, loss of corneal reflex), Nausea, vomiting, diplopia, gaze palsy, dysarthria,. vertigo, tinnitus, hemiparesis, and quadriplegia. Anterior Cerebral Artery (ACA) - correct answers.Feeds the media portion of the frontal and parietal lobes as well as the corpus callosum Symptoms of ACA Stroke - correct answers.Contralateral motor/sensory deficits impacting legs > arms Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA) - correct answers.Feeds majority of the frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes, basal ganglia, internal capsule. It is divided M1 - M4 Symptoms of MCA Stroke - correct answers.-Aphasia if dominant hemisphere -Neglect if non-dominant hemisphere -Contralateral motor/sensory loss of face/arm/leg with Arms > Legs -Anosognosia: neglect or lack of self awareness Venous Vascular Anatomy - correct answers.Venous channels enter into venous sinuses located in the Dura matter. Superior Sagittal Sinus - correct answers.Travels posteriorly between the cerebral hemispheres towards the occiput Straight Sinus - correct answers.Travels along the tentorium, draining blood from the superior cerebellar veins. Transverse Sinus - correct answers.Travels along the base of the occiput laterally and forwardly Sigmoid Sinus - correct answers.Begins beneath the temporal bone and travels to the jugular foramen where it becomes the internal jugular veins Stroke Pathophysiology - correct answers.Arterial blood flow to the brain tissue fails to meet metabolic demands resulting in cell damage or death. ISCHEMIA FIRST THEN INFARCT. Penumbra - correct answers.Zone surrounding the core infarct, damaged by ischemia but not yet infarcted ---- functionally silent yet metabolically active Hypoxia leading to Necrotic Pathway - correct answers.Cell energy failure Hypoxia leading to Apoptotic Pathway - correct answers.Programmed cell death in the penumbral zone ICH Stroke Pathophysiology - correct answers.Occurs when a cerebral blood vessel opens abnormally and spills blood into brain tissue. Classification of ICH Brain Injury - correct answers.Primary Brain Injury: Direct result of the hematoma Secondary Brain Injury: Hours or days after ICH, mass effect causes mechanical disruption and damage to cell membranes SAH Stroke Pathophysiology - correct answers.Aneurysm from s in the cerebral vasculature and ruptures, resulting in blood spilling in the subarachnoid space Saccular Aneurysm - correct w neck, widened dome -- Most Common Fusiform Aneurysm - correct answers.Outpouching of the vessel without a distinct neck --- Less common Early Brain Injury - correct answers.Hours and first several days after aneurysm rupture cerebral edema forms, injury results from decreased cerebral blood flow Cerebral Vasospasm (Delayed Cerebral Injury) - correct answers.Large Vessel Spasm generally begins on day 4 continues up to 21 days Brain Requirements - correct answers.20% of the body's Oxygen 15% of the body's Cardiac Output Cerebral Blood Flow - correct answers.Normal: 50 - 55 mL/100g/min Oligemia: 30 - 40 mL/100g/min Moderate Ischemia (the penumbra): 20 - 30 mL/100 g/min Severe ischemia and Cell Death: 0 - 10 mL/100 g/min Large Vessel occlusion - correct answers.Embolic: develop elsewhere and travel to blood vessel in the brain Small Vessel Occlusion - correct answers.Thrombotic: caused by a clot that develops in the vessel of the brain Cerebral Cortex - correct answers.Grey matter on the outermost section of the cerebrum and cerebellum Divided into four lobes - Frontal - Parietal - Occipital - Temporal Frontal Lobe - correct , behavioral expression. Motor/sensory maps Parietal Lobe - correct answers.Sensation, optic radiations carrying sensory input from the eyes, language centers *typically left side of brain* Language Centers - correct answers.Broca's: Production/Expressive Wernicke's: Comprehension/Receptive Occipital Lobe - correct answers.Vision and interpretation of visual sensory signals Dysarthria - correct answers.Slurred speech, reflecting poor motor control of the muscles associated with speech and language Temporal Lobe - correct answers.Coding visual memory and processing auditory and visual sensory input and language comprehension Basal Ganglia - correct answers.a group of nuclei serving as the coordinating center for several nerve tract including coordinating muscle movement Globus Pallidus - correct answers.A key component of the basal ganglia instrumental in control of voluntary muscle movement Limbic System - correct answers.a group of nuclei and cortical structures that encode memory and regulate autonomic nervous system and endocrine function in response to emotional situations Hypothalamus - correct answers.Coordinates autonomic nervous system with endocrine function, control of body temperature, circadian rhythm, and body water/osmolality Amygdala - correct answers.Plays a crucial role in the management of stress, rage, and anxiety. Center for memory and emotions. Cingulate Gyrus - correct op emotions and encode memory Hippocampus - correct answers.Contains centers for memory and learning, regulation of corticosteroid production, and spatial relations Diencephalon - correct answers.Between the brain stem and cerebellum Thalamus - correct answers.The brain's sensory switchboard, located on top of the brainstem; it directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla Pineal Gland - correct ces serotonin and melatonin - contributes to circadian rhythms Pituitary Gland - correct answers.Two Lobes Anterior: produces hormones Posterior: releases hormones Cerebellum - correct answers.Movement coordination and maintaining balance and position sense.